Research On The Contribution Of Floating Population To Economic Growth In Beijing Since The Reform And Opening Up

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,great changes have taken place in Beijing’s society and economy,as well as its population structure.After the reform and opening up,the number of floating population gradually increased.In 1978,there were 218 thousand floating population in Beijing,which increased to 2.561 million in 2000,accounting for 18.8% of the permanent population,with an average annual growth rate of 18.4%.After that,the number of floating population continued to increase,reaching the highest value of8.253 million in 2015,accounting for 38.0% of the permanent population in Beijing.Floating population has gradually become an important part of Beijing’s labor market and an indispensable population factor for Beijing’s economic development.In order to analyze and measure the contribution of floating population to Beijing’s economic growth since the reform and opening up,this paper studies as follows:This paper first describes and analyzes the changes and characteristics of the floating population in Beijing according to the relevant data,and finds that the scale of the floating population in Beijing has expanded greatly since the mid-1990 s.The floating population is mainly composed of the working age population,and flows into Beijing with the economic reasons as the guide.The employment structure of the floating population in the three industries is very similar to that of the permanent population in Beijing,which provides a basis for the analysis of the contribution of the floating population to economic growth.Secondly,this paper uses the historical growth accounting method to establish a model,from three aspects of labor productivity,labor utilization efficiency and labor quantity to investigate the contribution of population factors to the economic growth of Beijing,and finds that the contribution of labor productivity to the economic growth of Beijing is the largest;on the basis of this model,according to the relevant assumptions to calculate the contribution of floating population to the economic growth of Beijing.This paper finds that from 1978 to2018,the floating population provided an average annual labor force of 2.274 million,which increased the average annual growth rate of Beijing labor force by 1.4 percentage points.The floating population created an average annual GDP of 50.37 billion yuan for Beijing,contributing 36.4% to the average annual GDP of Beijing,which increased the average annual growth rate of Beijing GDP by 1.5 percentage points.This paper analyzes the contribution of floating population to economic growth in Beijing since the reform and opening up by using the method of historical growth accounting,obtains relatively stable data results and draws important conclusions.The floating population provides sufficient labor force for the development of Beijing and is an important driving force to accelerate the economic growth of Beijing.In the past eight years,the floating population has provided an average annual labor force of 7.292 million for Beijing,accounting for 42.8% of the total labor force in Beijing,with an average annual contribution rate of 44.6% to Beijing’s GDP.The research in this paper is conducive to correctly understand the impact of floating population on the economic development of Beijing since the reform and opening up,and accurately grasp the contribution of floating population to economic growth.It not only enriches the relevant academic research,but also has important reference value for Beijing to formulate accurate and appropriate floating population management policies and population control planning in the future.