Study Of Influence Of Caring For The Children Under 3 Years Old On The Employment Of Migration Woman

With the demographic dividend declining,stimulating new forms of demographic dividends should become the subject of high-quality social and economic development in the new era.The gender dividend brought by women’s participation in social and economic activities has begun to attract academic attention,and it is believed that it is becoming an important driving force for social and economic development.This article takes migrant women with children under 3 years old as the research object,and regards the employment of this group as one of the carriers of stimulating gender dividends.Infant care and employment are important events in the life course of women,reflecting that women both assume the role of social reproducer and material reproducer.Since the Reform and Opening up,as the trend of family migration has become increasingly obvious,the number of migrant children under 3 years old has been increasing year by year,causing migrant women who lack support from both inside and outside the family to face acute work-family conflicts.Based on this,this article puts forward three core hypotheses based on theoretical analysis based on the motherhood punishment theory,cascading masculinity theory and intergenerational exchange theory.In addition,this paper uses the data of 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)to describe the employment status of migrant women with children under 3 years old in a multidimensional manner,and comprehensively uses the Probit model,the OLS model and the instrumental variable method for empirical analysis the impact of the three types of family caregivers of children under the age of migrants on the employment participation and employment quality of migrant women.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly,the overall employment status of migrant women with children under 3 years old is poor,with an overall employment probability of 31.3% and an average employment quality score of46.2;secondly,the maternal care of migrant children under 3 years old has a negative impact on their own employment.Compared with other family carers,mothers taking care of themselves alone reduce their employment probability by about 27.3% and their employment quality scores by about 2.9;thirdly,the father’s participation of children under 3 years of age who moved with them has a positive impact on the employment of migrant women.Compared with mothers taking care of children under 3 years old alone,the father’s participation in the care increased his employment probability by about 22.6%,and his employment quality score increased by about 2.6;fourthly,the care of the grandparents of migrant children under 3 years old has a clear positive impact on the employment of migrant women.Compared with mothers taking care of children under 3 years old alone,the care of grandparents has increased their employment probability by about 41.8% and their employment quality scores by about4.8.Accordingly,this article makes the following suggestions: provide institutional guarantees for the employment of migrant women with children under 3 years old;improve the childcare service system for infants and children under 3 years old;guide fathers to change the concept of traditional family division of labor;appropriately develop intergenerational care for grandparents.