A Study On British Degree Apprenticeship

Since the 21 st century,China has paid more and more attention to vocational and technical education,and constantly tried to reform vocational and technical education.However,at present,there are still problems in Vocational and technical education in China,such as general vocational barrier,low reputation of vocational education,lack of social effectiveness of academic qualifications,lack of teaching quality and so on.The apprenticeship training mode in England has a long history,and the apprenticeship qualification system is relatively perfect.In March 2015,the United Government of the British Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party announced the implementation of Degree Apprenticeship in the "National Apprenticeship Week".Under the background of the new era,the apprenticeship system in Britain presents a trend of cross-border and integration: integrating new elements of vocational ability,linking higher education and vocational posts,integrating on-the-job training and institutional training.This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the British degree apprenticeship in eight parts: the first part clarifies the concept of the British Degree Apprenticeship.Degree Apprenticeship is a new coordinate of professionalism in the field of higher education in the UK,which is still in the trial stage,so what is Degree Apprenticeship? What is the difference between Degree Apprenticeship and Higher Apprenticeship? Is the degree obtained by an apprentice the same as that of an ordinary college student? Such puzzles still exist in most human brains.The second part mainly introduces the origin of the development of Degree Apprenticeship in England.Under the trend of increasingly fierce international competition and frequent social changes,although some progress has been made in the modern apprenticeship reform in Britain,some problems still emerge in the apprenticeship Education under the agenda of "leaving Europe",especially in the higher education stage.Under the influence of political decision-making to improve national productivity,employment support to alleviate structural employment contradiction,inevitable education trend of vocational education and apprenticeship development,and international influence of vocational education reform in higher education stage in Germany,Australia,Switzerland and other countries,the UK launched a historic degree apprenticeship reform,in order to further promote the development of its apprenticeship system Exhibition.The third part mainly introduces the operation mechanism of the Degree Apprenticeship in England.As a high-level apprenticeship,Degree Apprenticeship not only inherits the characteristics of the traditional apprenticeship,but also combines the basic characteristics of modern vocational education.The operation of the Degree Apprenticeship system needs the cooperation of the government,enterprise employers,universities or colleges,apprentices,and multi stakeholders to become a whole,which not only cooperates with each other but also develops in the aspects of legal protection,management coordination,fund management,implementation training,assessment and evaluation.The fourth part mainly takes the Senior Leadership Master Degree Apprenticeship(SLMDA)as an example to conduct a case study on the implementation project of the Degree Apprenticeship in the UK.This paper introduces the project from the following aspects: the establishment of the master of SLMDA system,the stakeholders and management guidance of the SLMDA system,the funding policy of the SLMDA system,the implementation and cultivation of the SLMDA system,and the evaluation of the SLMDA system.How to implement the SLMDA in university? This chapter takes Liverpool John Moores University as an example.The fifth part analyzes the effect and specific of the Degree Apprenticeship.The implementation of the Degree Apprenticeship system has brought good results,which has led to the expansion of the scale of the apprenticeship system in the UK,the increased attention of the government and all sectors of society to the cultivation of high-level applied talents,the improvement of social productivity,and the increase of the satisfaction of the government,universities,enterprises,apprentices and other stakeholders.In addition,the Degree Apprenticeship system has some characteristics as well as some effects: first,it strengthens the dual construction of legal system in the implementation of the Degree Apprenticeship system;second,it highlights the core position of employers’ participation;Third,it pays attention to the requirements of employers,youth and the government for talents in the implementation;finally,it presents a strong trend of general vocational integration towards higher education.The sixth part mainly analyzes the problems and contradictions of the Degree Apprenticeship system.At present,there are still some problems in the Degree Apprenticeship system,such as the applicability of the corresponding system to the Degree Apprenticeship system needs to be improved,the Degree Apprenticeship system fails to achieve the purpose of inclusive education,and the lack of management and control of the Degree Apprenticeship Development Fund(DADF).The British government has committed to cultivate 3 million apprentices by 2020.Although the scale of the apprenticeship system in the UK has been expanded at present,the apprenticeship participation is still low and needs to be improved.The characteristics of "employer led,work-oriented" make the Degree Apprenticeship system have a strong conflict with the elite education and mass education of higher education,which leads to the conflict between stakeholders,the contention of academia and industry.It leads to debates about whether the curriculum is the leading or the practice is the leading,whether the purpose of mass education is quality education or employment promotion,whether the position of vocational education is academic education or technical education,whether the governance mode is university autonomy or social accountability,whether the university mission is to lead the change or conform to the industrial development,and so on.The seventh part mainly introduces the experience and enlightenment.From the perspective of the future development of the Degree Apprenticeship system in the UK,the current situation of the talent training mode of the undergraduate level vocational education in China,and the Enlightenment of the Degree Apprenticeship system in the UK on the vocational education reform in China,etc.The eighth part is the conclusion of the whole article.The obtainment of the legitimacy of the Degree Apprenticeship system is the outstanding performance of knowledge view,learning view,education system and social reform.In the process of promoting the diversified development of higher education and building a modern vocational education system,the exploration of "Vocational University" has appeared in the field of higher education in China.However,more importantly than the name,whether its talent training mode really reflects the Vocational Education Professionalism?Learning from the degree apprenticeship system in the UK,increasing the proportion of learning in the workplace and recognizing the value of these learning,may help these "Vocational Universities" form the characteristics that are really different from traditional universities.In a word,with the development of economy and society and the popularization of higher education,we can make professionalism and elite education tradition shine together in a symbiotic and harmonious way in a better way.