| Since the third scientific and technological revolution in the mid-20 th century,the development of information technology represented by computer technology has greatly improved social productivity.It has not only changed the organizational form and management form of enterprises from the micro level,but also changed the social production mode and industrial structure from the macro level.In the 21 st century,with the further improvement of hardware level such as chips and processors,new technologies represented by artificial intelligence gradually penetrate into daily production and life,shaping the basic form of digital industry and digital economy.With the wide application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of production,its impact on the employment structure of the labor market is increasingly reflected.Referring to the experience of developed countries,the progress of production technology will lead to the polarization of supply and demand structure in the labor market: that is,the demand of a specific group in the labor market increases,accompanied by the decline of the demand of other groups.At present,China is in a new historical period.On the one hand,science and technology helps industrial upgrading,and the trend of intelligence and automation is irresistible;On the other hand,keeping the stability of the employment face is the basic requirement of consolidating the overall well-off society and achieving common prosperity in the new era.It is also the primary task of "six guarantees and six guarantees" under the influence of COVID-19.Therefore,combined with China’s current actual situation,exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on employment polarization has important theoretical and practical significance for optimizing industrial structure and employment structure and realizing high-quality development.Based on the above research background analysis,this paper first summarizes the existing literature,preliminarily combs the research process and conclusions of artificial intelligence technology and employment polarization,analyzes the reasons for the changes of employment structure in developed countries with technological progress since the 20 th century,and summarizes the mechanism of employment polarization affected by information technology by Chinese and foreign literature authors,And find the shortcomings of the current research on relevant problems,and put forward the innovation of this paper;Secondly,using the theoretical viewpoint of Marxist political economy,this paper analyzes the positioning of artificial intelligence technology in production relations,clarifies the positioning in the production process with the participation of artificial intelligence,and points out that the value source of intelligent production is still human labor,and the intelligent machine itself belongs to the category of constant capital without creating value;Further referring to Marx’s analysis of the characteristics,principles and methods of large-scale industrial production of machinery,this paper points out that the mechanism of artificial intelligence technology affecting employment structure lies in that on the one hand,it will improve the organic composition of capital,on the other hand,it will replace some complex labor,and summarizes and analyzes the three effects of polarization of employment structure: Employment inhibition effect,employment promotion effect and employment migration effect.On the other hand,through the preliminary analysis of the changes of China’s employment structure in recent 20 years through statistical data,it is proved that the current employment structure has appeared obvious polarization from many aspects;Thirdly,through the mathematical model analysis of the impact mechanism of technological progress represented by artificial intelligence on employment polarization,it is concluded that with the improvement of the substitution rate of technology,the degree of employment polarization will first decrease and then increase,and then put forward the basic problem that measurement needs to study,that is,whether the current development status of artificial intelligence technology promotes the polarization of employment.In the aspect of empirical analysis,this paper first uses the principal component analysis method to construct the measurement index of the development of artificial intelligence technology as the explanatory variable;Taking the degree index of employment polarization constructed by different educational levels of labor force as the explanatory variable,and using the statistical data from 2011 to 2019,through the panel data analysis through the econometric model,it is concluded that artificial intelligence technology has promoted the polarization of employment structure at present.Through detailed analysis of polarization results and classification of different types of labor force,it is found that: from the perspective of industries,the development of artificial intelligence technology has significantly promoted the employment proportion of high-tech industries represented by information industry and software industry,and reduced the employment proportion of manufacturing industry.In addition,the development of artificial intelligence has also promoted water conservancy public facilities The decline in the proportion of employment in power and other industries is consistent with the results of employment polarization analyzed by job classification in developed countries.In terms of industries,AI has no significant impact on the primary industry,but promotes the transfer of labor force from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry.Finally,this paper discusses and proves in detail the intermediary effect of artificial intelligence in promoting employment polarization by changing the proportion of labor force in the tertiary industry,further discusses the impact of artificial intelligence on the employment structure of labor force with different levels of education in the tertiary industry,and proves the significant impact of artificial intelligence on the internal polarization of labor structure in the tertiary industry.Based on the above theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: reasonably formulate industrial development policies according to the current situation of industrial distribution and labor development level in different regions;Increase social security,and skills retraining for workers in replaced industries;Starting with talent training,measure the actual decline rate of labor demand in sunset industries,reasonably reduce labor training in related industries,improve traditional vocational training methods,and strengthen the intersection of traditional disciplines and emerging industrial technologies;In addition,we should also pay attention to this in order to maintain the basic stability of China’s employment situation,promote the upgrading of industrial intelligence and the common prosperity of the people,so as to help realize the historical task of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. |
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