The Fairness Of The Main Public Service Facilities In Xi'an And The Evaluation Of Its Coordination With The Level Of Economic Development

Public service facilities are vehicles for providing residents with various products and services needed for their daily lives.The level of their allocations is an important indicator for evaluating the livability of the city,and it is also a reflection of the life quality of residents and an important source of happiness.Xi'an is in a period of rapid population growth,urban expansion,and continuous adjustment of urban structure.The construction of public service facilities has an important impact on urban development,residents' lives,and social stability.This article takes four types of public service facilities(school,hospital,supermarket,and park)in Xi'an as research objects.Based on the analyzing and understanding of the connotation of accessibility and fairness,by using the shortest travel distance method,two-step floating catchment area method,a variety of GIS spatial analysis methods and the analysis methods of economics,management and other disciplines,this study analyzed the current status of accessibility of public service facilities in Xi'an comprehensively,and evaluated the fairness of public service facilities in Xi'an from the aspects of space fairness and social fairness,and evaluated the degree of coordinated development of public service facilities and economic developm,ent levels in each district or county of Xi'an.I hope this study could enrich the research results in the research field and find out problems and provide references for the development of public service facilities in Xi'an.In the end,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The overall time accessibility of public service facilities in Xi'an is relatively high,and the shortest travel time of the four types of public service facilities is gradually increasing from the city center to the periphery.The time accessibility of the " Six Main City Districts" are highest,the shortest travel time of residents is mostly concentrated within 5 minutes,and the shortest travel time of southern mountainous areas is generally longer due to the factors such as inconvenience of transportation and fewer facilities.The time accessibility of various public service facilities varies among residents.The difference in time accessibility of education facilities in each residential area is relatively small,which is related to the concern of relevant departments on the coverage of compulsory education.The difference in accessibility between supermarkets and parks is greater than that of schools,which is mainly related to the factors considered in the site selection of the two public service facilities(people flow,natural resources,etc.).Medical facilities have the greatest difference in time accessibility.(2)There is a certain difference in the spatial distribution of the supply and demand accessibility of the 4 types of public service facilities in Xi'an.Among them,the supply and demand accessibility of hospital shows a gradual decreasing trend toward the surroundings with the main urban area as the center,and more than 80%of the residents have a high level of accessibility,and the southwestern part of Zhouzhi County has the lowest accessibility.The supply and demand accessibility of supermarket also shows a gradual decreasing trend of "center-periphery".The " three old city districts" have the highest accessibility,and the regions with higher population densities in each district have higher accessibility,while the southern mountainous areas of Zhouzhi County,Huyi District and Lantian County have lower accessibility.The overall supply and demand accessibility of the park is relatively low,and high accessibility values exist only in districts and counties with rich natural resources(such as Baqiao District and Huyi District).The supply and demand accessibility of the three types of school shows a trend of "multi-center" distribution,and from primary school to high school,education resources are gradually concentrated in areas with higher population densities.(3)The overall spatial fairness of public service facilities in Xi'an is relatively low.There is a large difference in the distribution of public service facilities in various districts and counties.The number of various public service facilities in the six main urban areas is large,and the overall number of public service facilities in Yanliang District is the least.The six types of public service facilities have obvious spatial clustering,and the clustering degree is ranked as follows:supermarket>park>hospital>high school>junior high school>primary school.There is a high correlation between the spatial distribution of total public service resources and population.The correlation ranking is:primary school>supermarket>junior high school>high school>hospital>park.This shows that population density is a major consideration in the site selection of educational,commercial and medical facilities,while the layout of the park is less relevant to population distribution and is more affected by other factors(such as the distribution of natural resources).(4)The social equity of public service facilities in Xi'an is generally good,and the distribution of resources among residents is relatively balanced.The level of Gini coefficients for primary schools and supermarkets are "relatively reasonable",high school and junior high schools are "relatively average",and hospitals and parks are "average".However,there is a certain spatial difference in the amount of resources available to residents.There is a clear high-value clustering phenomenon in the supply and demand accessibility of the six public service facilities.The high-value clustering phenomenon in supermarkets is the most obvious,and in hospitals and parks are relatively low.The supply and demand accessibility of parks,supermarkets,and hospitals are all concentrated in a single center in the main urban area.The accessibility of primary schools has obvious high-value clusters in the six main cities,southern Chang'an District and Lantian County,and significant low-value clusters in Zhouzhi County.The accessibility of junior high school has significant low-level clusters in Lintong District,Zhouzhi County and southern Chang'an District,and significant high-level clusters in Lantian County.The supply and demand accessibility of high schools have significant high value concentration in the central urban areas of each district.Compared with the average of Xi'an,the compliance rate of the amount of public service resources obtained for residents in each district or county can be ranked as:hospital>high school>junior high school>supermarket>primary school>park.The six major urban areas have higher compliance rates in education,supermarkets,and medical care,while the Baqiao District,Weiyang District,and Xincheng District have the highest compliance rates in parks.The overall compliance rate of the four types of public service facilities in Gaoling District and Yanliang District are relatively the worst.(5)The coordination between public service facilities and its economic development level of each district or county in Xi'an is:Beilin District,Gaoling District,Yanta District,Xincheng District,Weiyang District and Lianhu District are high-level coordination areas for public service facilities and economic development,the level of coordinated development are the best;Chang'an District is a facility lagging area,although its economy is developing rapidly due to some factors,the level of public service facilities is relatively low,which is not conducive to long-term sustainable development and maybe prone to population loss;Baqiao District,Yanliang District,and Lintong District are economically lagging areas,although their public service facilities are welldeveloped,they have not produced sufficient positive performance for economic development;Huyi District,Lantian County,and Zhouzhi County are at a low level of coupling,the mutual promotion effect of public service facilities and economic development level is relatively the worst.