The Migration Of Qin People Is Seen From The Bronze Wares Of Qin State In The Spring And Autumn Period

Through the study of the bronzes of the Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period,we sort out the stages of bronze development and changes,which corresponds to the migration of the capital of the Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period.The main summary conclusions are as follows:One,shape and evolution.Typological analysis is mainly performed on the eight major vessels such as Ding,Gui,Square pot,Yan,plate,Yir He,and Pot from the tombs of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period.The collected tomb information is divided into three periods.In the first phase,the styles and characteristics of the bronzes in the late Western Zhou Dynasty were mostly preserved in the shape and type of the utensils.The era is early Spring and Autumn,from the Xianggong period to the turn of De and Xuan.In the second Phase,The utensils basically departed from the style of the late Western Zhou Dynasty in shape and transformed into Qin-type bronzes.The utensils such as Ding,Gui,Square pot changed most obviously.From the perspective of utensils,the cormorants disappeared,and the basins appeared generally In the mix.The era is the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period,and the lower age limit is in the Huan and Jing periods.The third period,the style of the utensils continues the mature form of the Qin-style bronzes,and matures to decline at the end.The era is the late Spring and Autumn Period,and the lower age is the period of mourning.Two,cultural factors analysis.According to different dominant cultural factors,Qin bronzes can be divided into three groups during the Spring and Autumn Period.The bronzes in group A take Zhou culture as the main core and have the characteristics of Qin culture.This set of utensils is basically the same as the Zhou tombs in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.The shape of the utensils such as Ding,Gui,Square pot,and He can best reflect the inheritance of the late Western Zhou Dynasty.Most of the artifacts unearthed in the early spring and autumn tombs account for 19%of all bronzes.Group B bronze wares take Qin culture as the core,and the Qin style of this group of wares is becoming more and more obvious,from the early and middle period of Spring and Autumn to the late period.Ding and Gui as the core funerary utensils have the most obvious characteristics,accounting for 77%of all bronze wares.Group C bronzes are bronzes obviously affected by foreign cultural factors.There are Pinggai Ding and B-shaped Yi influenced by Chu culture,the dome mountain round Pi affected by the Shandong Qi culture flat round Pi,bronze Zhou affected by Jin culture,and Fu,carriage models,and copper square boxes influenced by northern nomadic culture.Among the bronzes in group C,the number of artifacts affected by Chu culture was the largest,followed by the northern nomadic people and Qi culture,which was Jin next.The combing of group C bronzes accounts for about 4%of the total number of bronzes.The number of utensils under the influence of various cultural factors is very small.Its style is obviously different from that of Zhou Qin culture,but it has not affected the dominant cultural factors.Three,analysis of four stages of bronze development.The early Spring andAutumn Period was the inheritance stage of the late Western Zhou Dynasty.Qin Tomb followed the Western Zhou etiquette strictly,and few people broke through the Zhou etiquette.In the early and middle period of Spring and Autumn,the stage of transition from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qin-type bronze wares began.The Qin tomb accepted new utensils,and the Qin bronze wares began to form utensils and combinations with Qin cultural characteristics,completely breaking through the framework of Zhou culture.The middle period of the Spring and Autumn Period to the late period of the Spring and Autumn Period is the Qin-type bronze wares.The Qin-type copper wares continued to decline until the late Spring and Autumn period.These three stages correspond to different periods of the capital migration of Qin Guoguo.Four,See Qin Capital migration from bronze.The Lixian area on the upper reaches of the Western Han Dynasty was the site of the western drooping capital of the early Qin Dynasty.Although the time span from the Dabaozishan Qin Cemetery to the Yuanding Mountain Qin Tomb is relatively long,and the age of the Yuanding Mountain tombs has entered the middle of spring and autumn,the Yuanding Mountain tombs The unearthed objects were deeply influenced by the early period in terms of ornamentation.Although Qin ware unearthed from the tomb of Qin nobles in Yuanding Mountain is unique with its rich and rich ornamentation,regional traditional factors still manifest.The bronzes of the Qin Spring and Autumn period in the Baoji area of Guanzhong had variability,instability,and inconsistency,which are closely related to the history of Qin’s foothold in this region.Prior to Yong,the capital,whether it was the Qian or Pingyang,they were not long-term capitals,but in the process of moving eastward,the copper wares just got rid of the Zhou culture in this period and have not yet.The characteristic that fully evolved into a mature Qin instrument is proof.After the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period,the appearance of bronzes gradually stabilized and features gradually formed.Starting from the tomb of Sunjia Nantou,Qin bronzes’ frequency of change in combination,shape,and especially decoration was reduced,and their development was more mature on the basis of stability.This is exactly the historical manifestation of the stable development of Yong.