A Study Of Mood Adverbs In "Qingwen Zhiyao"

Qing Wen Zhi Yao is a precious textbook which records the spoken language phenomenon in Beijing area in the middle and late Qing Dynasty,and the usage of modal adverbs is quite distinctive.First of all,using qualitative and quantitative methods,this paper classifies modal adverbs in Qing Wen Zhi Yao into seven categories,carefully inspects the source,usage and frequency of each modal adverb,and summarizes the characteristics of each modal adverb in Qing Wen Zhi Yao.Secondly,this paper analyzes and describes the overall appearance of modal adverbs in Qing Wen Zhi Yao from three aspects of syntax,semantics and pragmatics.The findings indicate that most of the modal adverbs in Qing Wen Zhi Yao originated from the modern Chinese period,and the flexibility of their distribution in sentences is not as good as that of contemporary Chinese modal adverbs,and the semantic direction is complicated,which requires specific analysis based on the statement,but their pragmatic functions are basically consistent with those of contemporary Chinese modal adverbs.Thirdly,this paper makes a diachronic investigation of the noteworthy cases bai(?)and hao(?),and uses relevant theories to construct their virtual process.bai(?)is influenced by syntactic position,pragmatic reasoning and other factors,and is derived from adjectival.hao(?)is influenced by subjective factors and derived from auxiliary verbs' generalization,which also conforms to the evolution direction of “deontic modality--cognitive modality”.Finally,through historical data,it is proved that Qing Wen Zhi Yao and its adapted edition have a certain origin relationship.This paper compares the use of modal adverbs in Qing Wen Zhi Yao and its adapted version,and finds that while the adapted version of Qing Wen Zhi Yao use modal adverbs in Qing Wen Zhi Yao,some modal adverbs are replaced and deleted,which better shows the use of modal adverbs in Beijing at that time.In addition,there are some special usages in the adaptation of Qing Wen Zhi Yao modal adverbs,which can be explained by the theory of negative transfer of mother tongue.