A Study On The Structure Of Two-syllable Verbs In "Night Rain And Autumn Lights"

Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu is a very important classical Chinese novel in the late Qing Dynasty.The corpus is large and the content is rich.Its vocabulary is mainly inherited from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties.At the same time,it also contains some spoken words,influenced by the development of vernacular in the past dynasties.The composition reflects the actual appearance of Chinese in various periods to a certain extent.So does the predicate-object structure.Analyzing the narrative-object structure of Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu can understand the development and evolution of Chinese classical vocabulary in the Qing Dynasty and even modern times.From the structure type,the predicate-object structure of Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu can be divided into general predicate-object and pre-object.There are cases where "zhi" refers to the object,but no case of "is" to refer to the object.There are unconditional object prepositions without any special grammatical components,in which the object is directly before the verb or before the preposition.With the development of spoken languages in the past,the number of pre-object has been greatly reduced,and the number of post-object of pronouns in negative sentences and interrogative pronouns has increased,which also reflects the changes between the classical Chinese in the late Qing Dynasty and the ancient times.The lexicalization of a predicate-object phrase needs to meet a variety of conditions,first of all,it is a prosodic word in pronunciation,and at the same time it must reduce the action of the predicate and the specificity of the object,weaken or fall off the independent meaning of the predicate and object,change the overall semantics,and finally solidify into words.Social factors such as the cognitive mechanism of metaphor and metonymy and the blocking mechanism of human psychology also have an important influence on the lexicalization of predicate-object phrases.Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu has a rich variety of verbs and nouns,predicates can be used as verbs,nouns,adjectives,localizers,etc.Objects are mainly subjective,most of which are nouns,numerals,pronouns,and distinguishing words are fewer objects,while the number of predicate objects is not much.From the semantic role of the object,combined with the respective characteristics of the predicate and the object,the semantic relationships of the dual-tone predicate-object phrases in Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu are divided into the dominant relationship,the passive relationship,the related relationship,the causative relationship,and others.On this basis,it is can be subdivided into sub-categories.By analyzing them,we find that among all the object types,the subject object occupies an absolute advantage;the existence object and similar object are second,but in most cases they can only follow the transitive verbs;the number of locative objects and result objects is larger,while others such as tools,cause,purpose,time,etc.,account for a relatively small proportion;the number of ausative relation,intentional relation,and passive relation are very small.These together constitute the distinctive predicate-object semantic relationship in Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu.Most of the predicate-object disyllabic words in Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu are inherited from the predecessors,where originating from the ancient times are the most,reflecting the inheritance and stability of Chinese vocabulary.There are fewer new words and more new meanings,because of the classical nature of Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu restricting its absorption of new words in the Qing Dynasty.Some new words and meanings in the book can also provide examples or documentary evidence in advance for the "Chinese Dictionary",which is of great value to the compilation and collation of dictionaries.Some disyllabic words that have been formed in the Qing Dynasty and the past are still used as predicate-object phrases in Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu,which reflects that the development and evolution of classical Chinese vocabulary is relatively lagging compared with the vernacular.Separate word is an important part of disyllabic words,which has the integrity of the word in the sense,and the discreteness of the phrase in the form.In Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu,the extended forms of separable words are various.For example,nouns,pronouns,adjectives,quantitative phrases,etc.can be inserted as attributives,numerals,directional verbs,etc.can be inserted as complements,and auxiliary verbs,overlapping verbs,can also be inserted.Compared with modern Chinese,the extended forms of separable words are basically the same,but the degree of solidification is relatively low.Separable words began to appear in the Tang and Song dynasties,and the development speed of the Ming and Qing dynasties accelerated.Most of the separable words are still retained in modern Chinese,while some are retained only in the written language,and some has disappeared in the vocabulary system because of being replaced by other forms with the same function.