| In the late 1930s,as the Chinese Communist Party’s regime penetrated into the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border areas,the government of the border areas,while carrying out literacy education,also carried out social education to reform the undesirable customs such as witch gods,foot-binding and marriage trading.This educational reform movement directly refers to the traditional "bad habits" inherited from the old society,and the process of the old traditions losing their legitimacy and being reformed by education is also a process of the constant collision and intersection of the old and new cultures;foreign enlightened ideas and knowledge are inevitably contradicted by the internal cultural base of the rural society,so it is important to explore this educational process.With the politics of ecumenism as its tone,this is also a movement to transform the "human being",to remove the bad habits of the population,which means not only a renewal of the physical dimension of the population,but also the orientation of the body as moulded into a productive potential.Pedagogy is the "science of adulthood",which is the study of the physical,mental and emotional integrity of living human beings;while the body is the condition of human existence,the study of the spiritual and physical development of the body is also a way to study human beings,which is another way to understand the existence of"human beings".Based on this,the study takes the educational reform of the "people"in social education in Shaanxi,Gan and Ningxia border areas as a clue,covering the following four areas.1.A discussion of the two dimensions of the impact on the body.The body is the body of the person,which means that the body is the body of desires and emotions;secondly,the body has a cultural component in addition to its biological existence,which means that the body is constructed rationally in educational activities,which makes it possible for education to transform the person.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region has a special transitional social form that emerged in the face of the national crisis,blurring the lines between "public" and "private",and has the attributes of direct domination,demand and mobilization of people,which have shown themselves to be a constraint on the people of the border region,in the form of prescriptive power,administrative power and coercive force that are manifested in the outside.2.Discussion of the process of educational rehabilitation of "emancipated" women.The process of erasing the cultural legitimacy of foot-binding through education aims at constructing women’s subjective consciousness and making emancipatory consciousness a popular identity;secondly,in the productive construction of the body,the women’s movement attempts to overturn the old family power through labour,and is ultimately reduced to a missional and instrumental existence because of the dilemma of reality.Although the act of "emancipation" was not really completed,the improvement of the situation and status of women in the margins has enabled them to participate in public life and to face the new social space in an experiential process in which their bodies alternate between repression and joy.3.Discussion of the educational rehabilitation of witch gods and "second-rate children" among the Traveller community.The witch gods and the "second-rate"became the Foucault-style "madmen" of the frontier acquaintances’ society and made them educated and rehabilitated through self-examination in a mass movement with the connotation of segregation;secondly,through administrative power,under discipline and coercion,they were separated from the body of the working people;and finally,through the organization and fixation of the individual witch gods and the "second-rate",who were rehabilitated through labour education in a disciplined environment,this forced labour obligation was manifested as an ethical practice that meant that only through labour education could they truly be rehabilitated as "human beings".4.In the context of the elimination of bad habits,the educational rehabilitation of the "people" is strongly health-oriented.The modern concept of health is no longer just a private matter,but a public matter that concerns society and even the nation-state,and the promotion of health plays a social role in "changing customs and practices".The"sense of body" determines the perspective and possible limits of people’s cognition,and through the establishment of the concept of hygiene,the involvement of public power can enable people to adapt to the constraints of the body,so as not to create the psychology of resistance and resistance,thus achieving the dual identification of emotional and rational strategies.Using the "body" as the object of observation,the social education of the ShaanxiGanjing-Nanjing border area to eliminate undesirable customs aims to explore the path beyond the "enlightenment of the mind",so as to return to the existence of the "human being" in the historical context,this examination is also a microcosm of the generation of modern bodies in the course of Chinese modernization. |
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