Research On Fertility Incentive Policies Under The Background Of Comprehensive Two-children

Since 1980,China has strictly implemented the basic national policy of "family planning",the total population,population growth rate and fertility rate have been well controlled.However,due to the forced control of the natural growth of population by administrative means,China's population problem has changed from the rapid expansion of the total population to the aging of the population structure,which has brought serious negative impact on the sustainable development of China.Therefore,in the critical period of population transformation,the State implements the universal two-child policy to alleviate the social contradictions brought about by population problems,but the full liberalization of the birth restriction of two children does not effectively curb the decline of fertility.In the four years since the implementation of the universal two-child policy,the number of births has declined for four consecutive years,mainly due to the decline in the fertility rate of one child.Therefore,this paper chooses to study the factors that affect the fertility of the childbearing age group,and puts forward relevant suggestions on the fertility incentive policies aiming at the factors that hinder the fertility,hoping to make up for the deficiencies of China's policies in this area.This paper discusses the factors that influence the birth of one-child and two-child in the childbearing age group through questionnaire survey and interview with 10 women of childbearing age.From the perspective of one-child,direct cost economic pressure and indirect cost employment pressure become the most critical factors in fertility decision-making.Education expenditure and new daily expenditure under economic pressure have become the focus of attention when an individual gives birth to a child.In addition,for the purpose of profit,the employees of the enterprise are in the consideration of career development,and may delay or even give up childbearing.From the perspective of two-children,families with one child will consider more factors than those without child when making the birth decision based on one child's parenting experience and more practical life considerations.As when giving birth to a child,economic pressure and career development are still important factors that hinder the birth of a second child.However,based on interviews,more detailed influencing factors such as housing price,medical security,mother and child products and external policy incentives are obtained.From the different perspectives of giving birth to one child and two children,this paper finds that the causes of low fertility lie in the asymmetric cost-benefit of giving birth and the damage to the legitimate development rights and interests of women who are highly involved in the labor market.Therefore,the author hopes to correct the externalities of personal behavior and policies through three major financial means: financial subsidies,tax preferences and financial investment effect.It is hoped that the suggestions put forward in this paper can improve the current situation of insufficient fertility incentive policies,effectively improve the fertility rate,and achieve sustainable economic and social development.