A Study On Curriculum Reform Of Basic Education In Finland(1970-2020)

With the rapid development of globalization,knowledge economy and information technology,many countries in the world have launched the basic education curriculum reform movement.The new round of curriculum reform of basic education in China began with the "Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform(Trial)",which was issued by the Ministry of Education in 2001.In 2003,the promulgation of the "General High School Curriculum Plan(Experiment)" made the design,implementation and improvement of new curriculum become the focus of people's attention.In fact,the new curriculum reform has solved some problems in the old curriculum system and promoted the renewal and development of basic education in China.However,in the process of implementation,the new curriculum reform also appears a series of problems,such as the lack of curriculum integration and advanced evaluation mechanism,as well as clear curriculum values.In order to solve the above problems,China issued "the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Implementing the Fundamental Task of Cultivating People through Moral Education" in 2014,which established "core literacy"as the new direction of the curriculum reform and development of basic education.In 2019,the Ministry of Education issued "the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening and Improving the Teaching and Research Work of Basic Education in the New Era","the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Preparation Work of Junior High School Academic Level Examination",and "the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening and Improving Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools",aiming to improve the overall quality of basic education.In fact,many developed countries have reformed their original basic education curriculum system since 21st century.Among them,Finnish curriculum reform has achieved remarkable results.Finnish students have topped the PISA scores several times since 2000.Based on this,this paper uses literature analysis method,case study method and comparative research method to analyze the course,characteristics,as well as experiences in Finnish curriculum reform of basic education.The purpose of this paper is trying to provide reference measures for our country.Except the introduction,the whole paper could be divided into four parts.The first part mainly elaborates and analyzes Finnish curriculum reform from a macroscopic perspective.Firstly,this paper analyzes the politics,economy,culture and education system of Finland after its founding,and explores the overall background of Finnish curriculum reform.Secondly,with the clue of time,this paper discusses the Finnish five curriculum reforms,including the direct causes,main content and influence of these reforms.The major purpose of this part is to grasp the course of Finnish curriculum reform on the whole.The second part summarizes the development characteristics of Finnish curriculum reform,including decentralization of educational leadership and establishment of three-level curriculum system,the dominant thought changing from constructivism to phenomenology,the curriculum goal changing from meeting the needs of society to paying attention to the individual development,and the curriculum mode changing from subject-oriented to interdisciplinary.Secondly,on the basis of grasping the characteristics of the curriculum reforms,explores the development trend of Finnish curriculum reform.The third part is based on Finnish PISA test scores over the years,OECD analysis report of Finnish education and the Finnish government annual education report,summarizes the results of Finnish curriculum reforms,including the consensus of educational equality,top-down and bottom-up curriculum reform strategy and the efficient education quality.At the same time,grasp the deficiencies and main problems of Finnish curriculum reforms by analyzing reasons of Finnish new round curriculum reform and Finnish government education report.The fourth part mainly combines the experience of Finnish curriculum reforms to explore the enlightenment of Finland to our country.First of all,we should face the world.select high-quality and epoch-making educational concepts based on our own experience,and lay the ideological foundation of curriculum reform.At the same time,it is necessary to build a domestic consensus to improve the equity and quality of basic education,so as to ensure the overall efficiency of basic education.Secondly,flexible national and local curriculum syllabus should be formulated to improve the practicability of curriculum reform,enrich the implementation path of curriculum reform,and ensure teachers'teaching autonomy.Finally,we should strength the cooperation and dialogue between relevant subjects to improve the scientific nature of curriculum reform and reduce the resistance of curriculum reform.