Research On The Strategies Of Mental Map Construction Of Senior High School Students Based On Cultivation Of Geospatial Ability

The reform of the geography curriculum standard emphasizes the cultivation of students' geospatial abilities,and the formation and shaping of mental maps is an effective way to improve geospatial abilities.On the basis of reviewing the connotation,characteristics and related research of mental map,this paper uses questionnaire survey and case design to investigate the current situation of mental maps of high school students and teachers in Liaocheng No.2 and No.4 middle schools,and analyzes the mental maps of high school students The influencing factors of the construction;aiming at the geospatial ability of high school students,the strategy and steps for constructing a mental map of students are proposed;and the teaching design of "The Ocean Current of the World" is supplemented with examples,and the results are as follows:(1)The factors affecting the construction of the mental map of high school students can be analyzed from subjective factors and objective factors.In Liaocheng No.2 and No.4 middle schools,subjective factors are mainly manifested in students' initiative to learn maps.According to survey data,close to 55% of students have no habit of actively learning maps,and 63.6% of students say they lack proper map learning methods.There are problems in the way of reading maps,and the maps will not be processed deeply,which will affect the formation of students' mental maps.The objective factors are mainly manifested in the influence of teachers' teachers,the importance of maps,the teaching methods of maps,and the frequency of organizing extracurricular practical activities on the construction of mental maps.In the survey area,all geography teachers have a bachelor's degree or above,of which 77.5% of them have a bachelor's degree(contradictory),and a master's degree or above accounts for 22.5%.Good teachers have laid the foundation for the construction of mental maps;according to the survey,92.9% Teachers believe that "the lack of students' ability to transfer maps" restricts the improvement of geospatial ability.Most teachers pay more attention to map learning,but the teaching methods of maps still need to be improved from extracurricular practical activities in order to promote the transfer of students' mental maps.(2)In terms of mental map construction strategies,this article puts forward "widening the establishment method,stabilizing the mental profile","strengthening map training,infiltrating geographic knowledge","strengthening group cooperation,perfecting information superposition","intensifying comparison and summarizing," Carry out the five aspects of mental map construction strategy of “consolidating knowledge”,“frequently contact with life,and promote map migration”,and implement the five aspects of the strategy as “three steps”,namely(1)“build a base map and lay a foundation space prototype ".Accurately identify and locate geographic objects,and form a base map of the mental map;(2)"Overlay information,enrich spatial materials".Comprehensively add geographic information on the basis of the base map,make comparisons and generalizations,and summarize the laws of geography;(3)"Use diligently to shape spatial capabilities".Connect with the reality of life,effectively transfer and consolidate knowledge,and form a perfect mental map.(3)Apply the "three steps" of mental map construction to the actual teaching case of "The Ocean Currents of the World".On the basis of analyzing the existing problems in the construction of the psychological map of the "ocean currents of the world",ocean currents are introduced through three situational issues.By thinking about the general outline of the distribution of sea and land,students draw a simplified version of the global sea and land distribution map as a psychological base map,and complete the "construction of the base map,laying a foundation for the space prototype";then,according to the global pressure and wind belt map,the use of group cooperation,in psychological Add geographic information on the basis of the base map,draw a simplified version of the world ocean current distribution map,and summarize the geographic laws,so as to complete "overlay information and enrich spatial materials";finally,use the constructed mental map to solve the application problems of increasing difficulty and achieve knowledge The migration and transformation of the mental map to improve the geospatial ability of students,and complete the third step of "using diligently and shaping spatial ability".