A Comparative Of Study On "Problem Solving" Compilation Of Chinese And American Primary Science Textbooks ——Taking The New And Old Jiangsu Education Press Of China And The Macmillan Press Of The United States As Examples

Problem-solving ability is the requirement for talents in the current era,and it is also one of the goals of the current education reform.Textbooks are an important materialized form of problem-solving concepts,and the United States is also a pioneer country in problem-solving teaching practice.Therefore,based on the dimension of problem solving,this paper takes the three presses of primary school science textbooks in China and the United States as the research object,and tries to provide feasible suggestions for the compilation of textbooks and teacher teaching in my country through the comparison of textbooks.This paper is mainly divided into the following five parts:The first part includes introducing the reasons for choosing the topic,research status,ideas,purpose,significance and theoretical basis of this paper.In the second part,by comparing the three versions of primary school science curriculum standards in China and the United States,and we have found that our country's 2017 version "Standards" and the American 1996 version "Standards" have general objectives,specific objectives and learning objectives,while our country's 2001 version "Standards" do not demonstrates learning objectives.In terms of the elements of the problem-solving process,the American 1996 version "Standard" is also divided into different grades,while the 2017 and2001 version "Standards" in our country are unified in the primary school stage.It can be seen that the American 1996 version "Standard" focuses more on the progressive cultivation of students' problem-solving ability.In the third part,starting from the overall structure arrangement of the textbook,we compared the overall framework structure and content organization structure of the textbooks,and found that there are various columns in the American Press of textbooks;In terms of organizational structure,the new and old textbooks of the Jiangsu Education Press in our country are arranged in a "linear style",while the American Press of textbooks are arranged in a "spiral style".In the fourth part,starting from the compilation of the content of the textbook,by the comparative analysis of the three levels of problem situation creation,problem raising and problem solving,and we finally found the following characteristics:1.In terms of creating problem situations,the three versions of textbooks all focus on the use of life backgrounds.But there are three differences.First,the proportion of experimental background in the old textbooks of the Jiangsu Education Press is relatively low while the proportion of observation background is relatively high.Next,the proportion of scientific background in the American Press of textbooks is higher than that in the new and old textbooks in the Jiangsu Education Press of China;Last,in terms of contextual presentation,the pictures of the American Press of textbooks are vivid and colorful,and the text descriptions are full of stories,while the contextual presentation of the new and old textbooks in the Jiangsu Education Press of China is relatively concise and single.2.In terms of the problems raised,the American Press of textbooks has a rich variety of problems,and the transition between problems and problems,problems and situations is closely linked,while the old textbooks of the Jiangsu Education Press of our country have too many simple problems,lack of medium difficulty problems,the transition connection between the problems is poor,and the problems types and connections of the new textbooks of the Jiangsu Education Press have been improved compared with the old textbooks.3.In terms of problem-solving,the American Press of textbooks have rich and numerous types of exploration activities and subject integration,and,at the same time,shows the application of scientific ideas and methods,and focus on the presentation of scientific knowledge;However,the application of scientific ideas and methods in the new and old textbooks of the Jiangsu Education Press in our country is implicit,the number of subject integration is small and the type is single,the presentation of scientific knowledge is rare,and the timeliness and technology of expansion activities need to be improved.The fifth part,by summarizing the full text,and provides the following suggestions for the compilation of textbooks and teachers' teaching in our country according to the research results.Firstly,we shoud set up a variety of columns,and spiral upward to build a knowledge system;Secondly,we shoud keep up with the characteristics of the times,and enhance the presentation of scientific background;Thirdly,we shoud strengthen the awareness of problems,and enhance the ability of critical thinking;Finally,we shoud manifest scientific ideas and methods,and deepen the integration of disciplines.