Study On The Spatial Evolution Of Rural Settlements In Guanzhong Plain

In recent years,with the development of social economy and urbanization,the settlement space of villages and towns is deeply affected by the expansion of urban land,the flow of urban and rural population,the change of industrial structure,the construction of infrastructure,and the change of residents’concept^[1].The problem of scientific development of village and town settlement needs to be solved.There are a large number of village and town settlements in China,with obvious regional differences and unbalanced development.Understanding the development law is the premise of scientific planning and the urgent need of village and town settlement transformation and reconstruction.In addition,the reconstruction of land space planning system puts forward higher requirements for the scientificity and implementability of rural planning.To explore and study the evolution process and development law of rural settlements has become an important topic of theoretical and practical significance.After summarizing and thinking about relevant research at home and abroad,this article takes the Guanzhong Plain as the research object,combines urban and rural big data（historical image data,rural settlement related POI,road traffic,river water system,etc.）and scientific algorithms to accurately identify villages and towns Settlement geographic spatial information,combed the spatial evolution process and characteristic laws of settlements,constructed maps to refine the static characteristics and dynamic evolution laws of villages and towns in the Guanzhong Plain area,and prospected for future research.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:（1）The change of the number and scale of rural settlements in Guanzhong Plain is greatly affected by land expansion,geographical location,natural disasters,policies and other factors.The results show that the scale of suburban villages and towns expands or shrinks rapidly,and the scale of suburban villages and towns increases gently;the new villages and towns in the study period present a spatial pattern of"large scattered and small concentrated",scattered around the existing construction land,and the vast majority of the reduced villages and towns are near the regional central city,that is,around Xi’an city.（2）Spatial pattern evolution.Affected by geographical location,economic foundation,administrative status,development policies and other factors,the evolution of the distribution density of villages and towns in Guanzhong plain can be divided into the rapid shrinkage of the distribution density within the radiation range of regional central cities(A There are six typical patterns,which are:type A,type B,type C,type D,type E,and type F.the village and town settlements are getting closer to the main road in space,and the main road is getting closer in space It should be transferred with farmland and construction land.（3）The evolution of spatial form.The development trend of village and town settlement form regularization in Guanzhong Plain is different,which is mainly related to the macro geographical location.The overall form of village and town settlement around the regional central city and the gateway area is constantly complicated and fragmented.The overall form of village and town settlement in the area far away from the regional center is developing towards regularization,and the degree of regularization in other areas is changing The evolution path of single village settlement in Guanzhong Plain is diversified,which can be divided into active type,passive type and comprehensive type according to the evolution driving force,and can be divided into marginal expansion,linear development and integration expansion according to the evolution development path,and can also be divided into morphological structure It can be divided into isomorphic evolution and heterogeneous evolution.