Research On The Identification,spatial Evolution And Planning Response Of The Shrinkage Of Small And Medium-sized Cities In Chongqing

The urban shrinkage phenomenon is gradually spreading all over the world.Small and medium-sized cities at a relative disadvantage in the region are prone to urban shrinkage,resulting in the deterioration of the imbalance of regional development.The14 th five year plan and other policy documents put forward that we should pay attention to the development of county towns and the undertaking role of small and mediumsized cities in the pattern of regional urban system.90% of China’s land space is composed of small and medium-sized cities,which are mostly distributed in relatively underdeveloped areas,especially in mountainous areas.However,at present,the research on the phenomenon of urban shrinkage is more only from the single index of population,and the comprehensive evaluation method from the comprehensive perspective needs to be further enriched.In terms of research content,more research is limited to the static change of the phenomenon in a single time period,and less attention is paid to the dynamic change characteristics in multiple time periods.From the research object,little attention has been paid to small and medium-sized cities,especially in underdeveloped areas.Chongqing is located in the underdeveloped area of Southwest China,and its unique landscape pattern gathers the distribution of many small and medium-sized cities;According to the comparison between the latest data of the seventh census and the sixth census,it is found that the problem of population aging and population loss is prominent in Chongqing.The proportion of the population over the age of 60 has increased by 4.45 percentage points,and the total resident population of 13 small and medium-sized cities has shrunk;At the same time,there are great differences in the development level among districts and counties in Chongqing.Some small and medium-sized cities are less attractive,and there is the possibility of shrinkage.Therefore,it is very necessary to study the shrinkage of small and mediumsized cities in Chongqing.Based on the practical problems and related research deficiencies of the shrinkage of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing,this paper takes 29 small and mediumsized cities in Chongqing as the core research object.Firstly,based on the concept of urban shrinkage in a broad sense,this paper constructs an identification method of urban shrinkage phenomenon from the comprehensive perspective of population,economy and space,and dynamically identifies and analyzes the shrinkage phenomena in small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing in the three periods of 2009-2013,2013-2018 and 2009-2018;Furthermore,through the standard deviation ellipse of spatial measurement method,this paper analyzes the evolution of spatial characteristics from the shrinkage phenomena of synthesis,population,economy and space,and obtains the spatial characteristics of the shrinkage phenomena of synthesis,population,economy and space;Further,it analyzes the influencing factors of the shrinkage phenomenon from three aspects: economic structure,social population and policy planning,divides the types of the shrinkage phenomenon of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing,and summarizes the actual shrinkage law of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing.Finally,based on the two categories and four types of shrinkage of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing,this paper constructs the planning countermeasures for regional and urban individual shrinkage respectively.In order to promote the coordinated development of small and medium-sized cities and regions in Chongqing.The main results are as follows:(1)In the three time periods of 2009-2013,2013-2018 and 2009-2018,it is found that:(1)among the 29 small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing,11,15 and 17 small and medium-sized cities have contracted respectively,and their average degree of shrinkage has reached-9.54%,-9.76% and-10.77% respectively,showing a two-level distribution trend gradually,but most of them are still concentrated in a lower range,Form a low-level spread trend.(2)In the three time periods,a total of three small and medium-sized cities were identified with three shrinkages,namely Wuxi County,Pengshui County and Qijiang district.Two shrinkages were identified in 14 small and medium-sized cities.At the same time,only one shrinkage was identified in 6 small and medium-sized cities.(3)On the whole,the impact of shrinkage in the economic dimension on the comprehensive shrinkage is the largest,while the impact in the demographic dimension and spatial dimension is more extensive and relatively lower.(2)The spatial characteristics of the shrinkage phenomenon of small and mediumsized cities in Chongqing are mainly as follows:(1)in terms of spatial distribution,the shrinkage phenomenon at the comprehensive,population and spatial levels has a similar spatial distribution pattern in three time periods,that is,the spatial distribution pattern of Western Chongqing from mild shrinkage to strong growth,while the two wings of northeast and Southeast Chongqing continue to shrink.Under the economic dimension,the spatial distribution pattern of large-scale growth in Chongqing and shrinkage only in some parts of Southern Chongqing has been formed.(2)In terms of spatial evolution,through the comparative analysis of three time periods,it is found that under the comprehensive,demographic,economic and spatial levels,although the shrinkage phenomenon under each level is slightly different in spatial distribution,they all show a similar evolution trend,that is,the center of gravity obviously shifts to the East and the distribution direction shifts to the east by North,forming a dense and aggregated spatial distribution evolution trend.(3)The main influencing factors of the shrinkage of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing include: economic structure change,social population change and policy planning change.Among them,the changes of economic structure and social population mostly affect the shrinkage and growth of urban individuals,while the impact effect of policy documents is more macro,such as the shrinkage and growth distribution pattern of the whole region and within the region.At the same time,based on the above analysis and actual situation,this paper divides the shrinkage phenomenon of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing into: urban individual phenomenon: human land imbalance,remote location and resource depletion;And regional phenomena:Metropolitan peripheral type,a total of two categories and four types.Furthermore,this paper summarizes the main shrinkage laws of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing as follows:(1)identification characteristics of shrinkage phenomenon: the development of shrinkage phenomenon is dynamic,and the coexistence of population attenuation and low space utilization efficiency.(2)The spatial characteristics of shrinkage phenomenon: the spatial distribution of shrinkage phenomenon is aggregated,and the urban shrinkage and growth coexist in space.(3)Characteristics of influencing factors of shrinkage: the influencing factors of shrinkage are diversified,and economic development and policy guidance play a key role.(4)Finally,based on the two categories and four types of the shrinkage phenomenon of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing,this paper puts forward the planning countermeasures at the regional and urban individual levels respectively.For the phenomenon of regional shrinkage,combined with the experience of Tokyo Metropolitan Area,this paper puts forward(2)guiding the complementary transformation of regional industries,improving the attractiveness of the city,(2)building high-quality spatial management,actively coordinating human land relations,(3)building a networked spatial structure and promoting regional coordinated development from the three aspects of regional industrial transformation,regional management experience and regional spatial structure,There are three planning optimization strategies for regional shrinkage and suitable for the shrinkage of "big city periphery".In view of the shrinkage of urban individuals,combined with the experience of Nanchuan District,this paper puts forward(1)identifying their own positioning,grasping advantageous industries,(2)optimizing infrastructure,integrating regional transportation,(3)transforming the development concept,and revitalizing existing resources from the three aspects of urban industrial structure,transportation planning and development concept,These three points are applicable to the planning countermeasures of "resource exhausted","remote location" and "human land imbalance" shrinkage of small and medium-sized cities in Chongqing.