Research On The Design Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Of Waste Power Batteries Recycling Considering Uncertainty

At present,China has ushered in the peak of new energy vehicle power battery change and end-of-life,however,because it has not yet established a perfect recycling system for used power batteries,China is facing a serious power battery environmental pollution and resource waste problems.In order to cope with environmental pollution and resource shortage,the closed-loop supply chain with both environmental and economic benefits has become a key area of academic concern in recent years,and the closed-loop supply chain network design is a crucial strategic decision in supply chain management,which can play a positive role in reducing waste power battery pollution and improving recycling circulation efficiency.The uncertainty of the multilevel recycling characteristics of waste power batteries and their recycling quality aggravates the complexity of the closed-loop supply chain network design,therefore,it is very important to design a closed-loop supply chain network that takes into account the uncertainty of waste power battery recycling characteristics and recycling quality to improve the efficiency of waste power battery recycling and the stability of supply chain network operation.This paper takes waste power battery recycling as a key element of the supply chain network.In this paper,based on the theories and methods of closed-loop supply chain network design,uncertainty planning,and operations research,we study the design of closed-loop supply chain network considering uncertainty factors such as recycling quality,price,quantity,and cost,in order to obtain the optimal decision solution for facility location and node flow planning,etc.The Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the model,and the validity of the model and algorithm is further verified using case analysis.The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)In view of the uncertainty of recycling quality of used power batteries,this paper investigates the problem of designing its closed-loop supply chain network based on the theory of distribution robust optimization.Firstly,a closed-loop supply chain network model for used power batteries with deterministic recycling quality is constructed to clarify the composition of the objective function and constraints;secondly,a two-stage distributed robust optimization model is constructed by using fuzzy sets based on moment information to portray the probability distribution of uncertain recycling quality,and the model is converted into a solvable form;then,the model is solved by using the Benders decomposition algorithm,and the validity of the model and algorithm is verified by comparison;finally,the impact of the magnitude of the uncertainty risk of recycling quality on recycling pricing and optimization objectives is explored by conducting sensitivity analysis on key parameters.(2)To address the uncertainties of recycling quality,cost,price and quantity of used power batteries,this paper investigates the closed-loop supply chain network design based on fuzzy stochastic optimization theory.Firstly,a two-stage fuzzy stochastic programming model is constructed by using the fuzzy planning method to portray the fuzzy uncertainty of recycling quality,operation cost and transportation cost,and the stochastic scenario method to portray the stochastic uncertainty of price and its related quantity;secondly,Me measure and opportunity constrained planning theory are used to transform the model with clear equivalence and solve the model based on Benders decomposition algorithm,and the validity of the model and algorithm are verified by comparison;finally,the impact of decision maker’s risk attitude,opportunity constrained confidence level and fuzzy perturbation rate on each activity and optimization objective is explored by conducting sensitivity analysis on key parameters.(3)Based on a fuzzy stochastic programming model that considers multiple uncertainties,this paper introduces carbon regulation policies into the closed-loop supply chain network design problem of used power battery recycling.Firstly,the closed-loop supply chain network model of power battery considering both environmental factors and uncertainties is constructed based on carbon limit,carbon tax and carbon cap-and-trade policies respectively;secondly,the Benders decomposition algorithm is used to solve the algorithm model;finally,the sensitivity analysis of key parameters under each policy is carried out,and the characteristics of different carbon regulation policies are compared and summarized.The findings of this paper,which address the issues of recycling quality uncertainty,multiple uncertainties and the design of closed-loop supply chain network under extended consideration of carbon regulation policies in the power battery recycling process,show that:(1)In the distributionally robust optimization model with uncertainty in recovery quality,a conservative decision scheme is adopted when the uncertainty distribution information is estimated inaccurately,which is conducive to reducing the impact of extreme situations and ensuring stable returns,and conversely,a neutral risk attitude is adopted to improve recovery returns;(2)In fuzzy stochastic programming models,decision makers should maintain a rational or optimistic risk attitude when dealing with small-scale problems or small uncertainty risks,and more conservative decision options can bring better returns when dealing with large-scale problems or large uncertainty risks;(3)In the expanded model considering carbon regulation policy,carbon cap-and-trade policy is more flexible than carbon cap-and-tax policy,and the dynamic balance between economic and environmental benefits can be achieved by adjusting the carbon cap degree and carbon trading price.In summary,this paper considers the design of recycling networks for used power batteries under uncertainty perturbations from the perspective of closed-loop supply chains,which theoretically enriches and deepens the research on closed-loop supply chain network design and uncertainty planning.In addition,it extends the study of the impact of carbon regulation policies and provides complementary suggestions for the government to formulate carbon reduction strategies.