Study On Optimal Design Of Nursing Units In Full-day Care Facilities For The Elderly

With the aging situation of Chinese population becoming more and more serious,the proportion of disabled old people is rising,and the demand for elderly care facilities is increasing.Care facilities for the elderly in our country are divided into full-day care facilities for the elderly and day-care facilities for the elderly.Full-day care facilities for the elderly refer to the facilities that provide accommodation,life care services and other service items for the elderly,which are collectively referred to as nursing homes,welfare homes and nursing homes for the elderly.The majority of the residents are disabled elderly with different degrees.At present,there is a widespread construction situation in the market of full-day care facilities for the elderly,such as a high vacancy rate of selfcare beds and a shortage of nursing beds,which contradicts the current demand of the pension market,and the operation situation is generally poor.Based on literature analysis and field research,the author draws the conclusion that the general poor operation status of full-day care facilities for the elderly is mainly caused by extensive space design,lack of family atmosphere,poor nursing service quality,and the elderly are reluctant to move in due to the influence of traditional concepts.From the perspective of architecture,the existing facilities for the care of the elderly generally have the following problems: first,the lack of fine design of the space,the overall design of hospitals and hotels,the lack of monotonous space characteristics,can not meet the diversified physiological and psychological needs of the elderly,and it is not easy to form a family living atmosphere;Second,the existing full-day care facilities for the elderly with different physical conditions are mostly mixed,lack of professional nursing and services,management is relatively chaotic,and the overall living quality is low.As an important part of the full-day care facilities for the elderly,the nursing unit is the basic space unit divided according to the level of nursing and nursing needs of the elderly,the basic unit constituting the standard floor plane of full-day care facilities for the elderly and the main place for the elderly to live.The optimal design of the nursing unit of the full-day care facilities for the elderly plays an important role in improving the overall living experience and operation level of the facilities.The intercare unit is mainly composed of four parts: living room space,maintenance service space,shared living space and logistics auxiliary space,with relatively fixed functional composition.The existing spatial design problems of the intercare unit of the research sample are summarized and the systematic optimization design strategy is deduced to have strong reference for the optimization of the intercare unit of the full-day care facilities for the elderly.Improve the comprehensive quality of full-day care facilities for the elderly.In this paper,the nursing home,nursing home and other nursing facilities for the elderly are selected as the main research object.The purpose and significance of setting up nursing units in full-day care facilities for the elderly are clarified through systematic classification of elderly care facilities and related research on nursing units,and the basic design points of full-day care facilities for the elderly are clarified by analyzing related design concepts of nursing units and the main type of full-day care facilities for the elderly in Japan,namely special care homes for the elderly.Secondly,the typical cases of interface and protection units at home and abroad are selected to focus on the analysis,and the influence of each design element of interface and protection units on the spatial quality of interface and protection units is clarified,so as to determine the research focus and research elements of this paper.Based on various research elements,field research was conducted on the nursing unit of full-day care facilities for the elderly in Chongqing from two dimensions of spatial status and user needsIn summary,it mainly includes four aspects,such as lack of professional nursing,unreasonable functional configuration,poor spatial adaptability and low degree of spatial aging,and puts forward four optimization strategies of nursing specialization,rationalization of configuration,operation continuity and spatial aging.Among them,the nursing specialization strategy focuses on "selecting the appropriate nursing model according to the spatial division of the nursing unit,reasonably setting the scale of the nursing unit and staff ratio".Allocation rationalization strategy focuses on the reasonable setting of different degrees of interface and protection unit function configuration,optimize the plane layout of each function space ";Operation continuation strategy focuses on "functional complex and flexible division of living space and adaptive design of living space to meet the operational needs of facilities in different periods and stages";Space aging focuses on "space design can fit the physiological,psychological and behavioral needs of the elderly".The spatial optimization strategy aims to improve the quality of the nursing unit of the full-day care facilities for the elderly,in order to provide some reference for the spatial optimization of full-day care facilities for the elderly.