Research On The Optimization Of Rural Settlement Layout Based On MCR Model

China has a vast land area and a large rural population.Optimising the layout of rural settlements is an important tool for promoting rural revitalisation and achieving integrated urban-rural development.In recent years,the contradiction between urban and rural land use has become increasingly prominent.On the one hand,urban development is constantly expanding outwards,and construction land is urgently needed to meet development needs;on the other hand,the rural population has chosen to move to the cities one after another for employment and improved living conditions,which,coupled with neglect in planning and management,has led to serious waste and idleness of land within rural settlements,accompanied by problems such as inadequate land use.This paper takes Baota District of Yan’an City as the research area,and adopts the methods of literature induction,qualitative and quantitative analysis,and GIS spatial analysis,etc.Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Baota District,the spatial layout suitability expansion resistance system of rural settlements in Baota District is constructed,and the suitability degree of rural settlements in Baota District is analysed with the help of the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR model),and the suitability is divided into On the basis of this,the classification of optimization types is carried out and the next optimization strategy is proposed to provide theoretical and data support for the work related to rural settlements in Baota District.The results of the study were:(1)Based on the current land use data of Baota District in 2020,the aggregation characteristics,shape characteristics,dispersion characteristics and distribution patterns of rural settlements in Baota District were analyzed and studied by means of nuclear density analysis,buffer zone analysis,landscape pattern index,Voronoi diagram CV values and distribution index,and the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Baota District were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the high density distribution of rural settlements in Baota District is concentrated in Liqu Town,Yao Dian Town,Qinghuazhen Town and Banlong Town,with an overall distribution pattern of“four main nuclei-multiple sub-nuclei”.The distribution of rural settlements in Baota District is characterised by clustering at different scales,with a CV value of 64%or more,and three patterns of distribution:banded,scattered and grouped.The distribution of rural settlements in Baota District is influenced to different degrees by elevation,slope,slope direction,distance from roads,distance from rivers,distance from towns and distance from farming,and most of the rural settlements in the region are located at lower elevations and slopes,with a southerly slope direction,and closer to rivers,roads,towns and farming land.(2)With the help of the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR model),the current situation of rural settlement sites is integrated,three resistance factors of topography,location and land use and ten resistance factors are selected to establish a resistance surface,and the CRITIC-AHP comprehensive analysis method is used to determine the comprehensive weight of each resistance factor for rural settlements,and the ecological protection red line is used as a rigid indicator to evaluate the suitability of the layout of rural settlements in Baota District.The minimum cumulative weight of each resistance factor is determined by the CITIC-AHP analysis.The minimum cumulative resistance value of rural settlements in Baota District is[0,63501],based on which the suitability of the area is zoned,from small to large,as highly suitable zone 20427.48hm~2,unsuitable zone 73610.64hm~2,relatively suitable zone74586.33hm~2,generally suitable zone 83603.52hm~2,and extremely unsuitable zone100478.25hm~2,representing 5.79%,20.87%,21.15%,23.70%and 28.49%of the area respectively.There are still 2304 rural settlements located in unsuitable and highly unsuitable zones,with an area of 409.55hm~2,accounting for 14.73%.(3)Based on the principles of optimising the layout of rural settlements,an optimisation scheme was developed to classify the rural settlements in Baota District,based on which four optimisation types were obtained,namely,urbanisation in the vicinity,key development,controlled development and eviction.Finally,corresponding optimisation strategies are proposed for each optimisation type.For the rural settlements of the eviction and relocation category,the central village is selected among the rural settlements of the key development category,and its influence area is determined using the weighted Voronoi diagram method,so as to provide the main direction of relocation for the rural settlements of the eviction and relocation category,and to determine a more detailed optimisation strategy.