| Polygonatum Mill.is a perennial herbs.Polygonatum sibiricum,Polygonatum cyrtonema and Polygonatum kingianum are mainly collected in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Due to the similarity of morphology and pharmacognosy traits,it is difficult to identify species,there are many counterfeits in the market,the quality of the medicinal materials is extremely unstable,which brings great hidden dangers to the safety of medication and food.In order to quickly and accurately identify and make sure the quality of Polygonatum germplasm resources.In this experiment,the molecular identification method was used to identify the plants of Polygonatum in different area,and we try to determine their agronomic traits and quality.The quality traits were evaluated by principal component analysis,which provided a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of Polygonatum germplasm resources.The main results are listed as follows.1.There were significant differences in agronomic traits among Polygonatum plants from different areas.The variation coefficients of plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width ranged from 20.20%to 49.67%.The highest variation of plant height was 49.67%,and the lowest of leaf length was 20.20%.Among thses germplasm resources,S58 had the highest height（196.05cm）while S49 the lowest（17.95 cm）.S57 had bigger stem diameter（9.84 mm）than other.The longest leaf length of S46 was 24.18 cm which is the longest.According to the phyllotaxy,61Polygonatum plants were divided into two groups.The first group was the alternifolia leaf,whose leaves were oval,alternate,and the leaf tip was pointed,the second group was the verticillate left,the leaves are lanceolate,rotifer,leaf apex fist roll.according to the leaf sheath color（green,red）,the second group is divided into two subgenera,the first subgenusleaf sheath red,the second subgenus middleleaf sheath green.The average plant height,stem diameter and leaf length of the verticillate leaf were larger than those of the alternifolia leaf was smaller,while the average leaf width of the alternifolia leaf less than verticillate leaf.2.Using mat K barcoding to identify 61 Polygonatum plants,the result show:44 of 61Polygonatum plants belong to Polygonatum cyrtonema,and 17 belong to Polygonatum kingianum.NJ cluster show:The Polygonatum cyrtonema which has been planted in Hunan Province（S17,S18,S19,S20,S21,S22,S23,S24,S26,S27,S28,S30,S29）,Jiangxi Province（S36,S37,S38,S39,S40,S41,S42）,Anhui Province（S31,S32,S33,S35,S43）and Hubei Province（S45）were closely related of Guizhou Province by NJ cluster.3.The genetic diversity of 61 Polygonatum plants was analyzed by SRAP molecular marker,the proportion of polymorphic bands was 88.90%,showing a high polymorphism.UPGMA cluster analysis showed that:61 samples of Polygonatum can be divided into three group（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）.4.In according to areas,the quality differences among Polygonatum plants were large.The alcohol-soluble extracts of 61 Polygonatum were 49.334%～84.708%,polysaccharides 7.848%～21.679%,total flavonoids 0.239%～0.562%,total saponins 0.169%～0.298%,total phenols0.142%～0.372%,total ash 1.245%～4.045%,moisture 0.663%～5.383%,the total of macronutrient and secondary element4.978～16.481 g/kg,and total of microelement 108.828～1437.424mg/kg.The quality of 61 Polygonatum plants was analyzed by principal component comprehensive analysis,and the comprehensive evaluation function was obtained as F=0.252F1+0.147F2+0.082F3+0.079F4+0.070F5+0.049F6.The quality comprehensive ranking is:S15>S10>S8>S12>S18>S13>S11>S32>S7>S9>S17>S4>S37>S39>S16>S29>S44>S31>S2>S1>S51>S26>S54>S34>S45>S14>S30>S48>S53>S52>S50>S21>S23>S25>S61>S38>S56>S28>S49>S47>S5>S46>S59>S57>S58>S3>S22>S41>S55>S40>S42>S24>S35>S60>S6>S43>S27>S20>S19>S32>S36.5.By correlation analysis,we found the higher the content of alcohol-soluble extract,the content of polysaccharides and total saponins also high,but the content of total phenol,total ash,Na,Mg,K,P and Fe is lower.There were abundant diversity among the quality traits of 61 Polygonatum plants.The Shannon index（I’）of 21 quality traits ranged from 1.823 to 2.257.61 Polygonatum plants were classified intofour groups in according to 22 quality traits by Q-type cluster.S9,S38,S25,S7,S32,S23,S45,S1,S30,S31,S37,S10,S29,S41,S40,S26 which belong to groupⅠand S15,S39,S12 belonging to groupⅣhave the potential to develop in the field of medicine and health care.Higher contents of total saponins content,total flavonoids content,total phenol content and polysaccharide are main characteristics.The main characteristics of group II were that the high contents of Mg,K and P and low,the contents of total ash,moisture,Al and Zn were low.The content of alcohol-soluble extraction and Ca in group III was higher,while the content of Na,Mg,k,Mn,Fe,Sr,Cu and As was lower. |
