Effects Of Tobacco Stalk Biochar Organic Fertilizer On Flue-cured Tobacco And Tobacco Growing Soil

In recent years,the tobacco cultivation in Fujian province produces150,000 tons of discarded tobacco stalks every year.However,stacking up a large number of tobacco stalks in tobacco fields will aggravate soil diseases and insect pests and cause environmental pollution.Therefore,improving the resource utilization of tobacco stalk waste is of great significance to the protection of tobacco field ecological environment and soil fertility.At present,the biochar produced by pyrolysis of crop straw under the condition of high temperature and limited oxygen has been widely used.Combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer can make up for the deficiency of biochar’s own nutrients,and biochar can promote the long-term maintenance of organic fertilizer efficiency.However,the specific effect is related to the types of biochar and organic fertilizer as well as their combination ratio.Therefore,in this study,tobacco stalk biochar made from tobacco stem and conventional organic fertilizer were taken as the research object,and the effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco growth and economic characters,soil fertilizer and biological characteristics were explored through indoor soil cultivation and field experiments.The main results are as follows:1、Effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on soil fertilizer cultivation: compared with the control,the addition of tobacco stalk biochar effectively increased soil p H value,available phosphorus,available potassium,total carbon and total nitrogen contents.The content of available k and total CARBON in soil increased by 55.05% and 132.13% under HB(100% tobacco stalk carbon)treatment,which had the largest amount of tobacco stalk carbon alone.However,the effect of tobacco stalk biochar combined with organic fertilizer on soil available P was better than that of tobacco stalk biochar alone,and M6 B treatment(60% tobacco stalk biochar +40% organic fertilizer)was the largest.However,there was a negative correlation between tobacco stalk carbon and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen.Application of tobacco stalk biochar alone or combined with organic fertilizer could increase the content of exchangeable ca and Mg in soil,but the effect of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer was more stable and lasting.Tobacco stalk carbon could significantly increase soil organic carbon and humin content.However,for humic acid in soil,the carbon content in tobacco stalk carbon fertilizer showed a negative correlation with humic acid content in soil compared with that in tobacco stalk carbon fertilizer.Moreover,the content of fulferic acid in soil was the lowest in HB treatment,which had the highest amount of tobacco stalk carbon alone.2.Effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on long-term growth and nutrition of flue-cured tobacco: B10treatment(10% tobacco stalk biochar + 90% organic fertilizer)showed the best improvement effect on dry matter accumulation of the whole plant of flue-cured tobacco.However,B100 treatment without organic fertilizer(100% tobacco stalk biochar)was not good for dry matter accumulation of whole plant,which was lower than the control treatment with only chemical fertilizer.On the whole,the contents and absorption of N,P and K in all parts of tobacco plant treated by B10 were at a high level.However,too much tobacco stalk carbon is not conducive to the accumulation and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus.3.Effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk carbon organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of tobacco soil in the long flourishing period and after harvest: tobacco stalk carbon effectively increased the p H value and available potassium content of tobacco soil in different periods of tobacco cultivation.In general,tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer increased exchangeable calcium and magnesium and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in soil.The content of exchangeable ca and Mg in soil of B10 treatment was at a high level,while the content of exchangeable Mg in soil of B100 treatment without organic fertilizer was significantly reduced.Compared with fertilization of chemical fertilizer control,soil available phosphorus content in flue-cured tobacco prosperous long-term with increased tobacco stalk biochar content is gradually rising trend,but in the flue-cured tobacco after harvest,only smoke stem carbon amount more B60(60% tobacco stalk biochar + 40% organic fertilizer)and B100 treatment is higher than controls,CF and organic fertilizer rates fell the most,show that tobacco stalk biochar extended organic fertilizer effect.Compared with the control,the content of alkali-hydrolyzable n was increased in the early stage of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer,but it was the opposite in the late stage,and only CF treatment remained at a high level.4.Effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on biological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco growing soil in a long period: tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer can effectively improve the activities of soil urease,phosphatase,sucrase and protease in a long period of tobacco growing,and the B100 treatment with the largest amount of tobacco stalk biochar is the highest.Excessive organic fertilizer can reduce soil sucrase activity.Compared with the control,different proportions of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer had their own advantages on the structure and composition of tobacco soil microbial community at different levels and among different species.On the whole,tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer increased the number of dominant bacteria and fungi in soil.The abundance and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities in B40 treatment(40% tobacco stalk carbon +60% organic fertilizer)were the greatest compared with the control,and too much tobacco stalk carbon was not conducive to the change of soil bacterial community structure.Soil sucrase and acid protease were the dominant factors of soil bacterial and fungal communities,and soil microbial biomass C/N,sucrase and acid protease were significantly positively correlated in both bacterial and fungal communities.5,different proportion of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco economic characters: the influence of reference compared with fertilization of chemical fertilizer,proper tobacco stalk biochar and organic fertilizer distribution on flue-cured tobacco yield and output value,average price,quality,and the secondary smoke ratio has a positive effect,to B10 effect is best,in the orange,the orange orange under three,two simple weight also at a higher level.The yield,output value and grade of flue-cured tobacco decreased with more tobacco stalk biochar,especially WITH B100 treatment.6.Effects of different proportions of tobacco stalk carbon organic fertilizer on internal chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco: tobacco stalk carbon has a tendency to reduce nicotine.On the whole,tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of reducing sugar and total sugar in the middle and upper tobacco leaves compared with the control.As for the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in flue-cured tobacco leaves,the total nitrogen content decreased and total potassium content increased with the addition of tobacco stalk carbon.However,too much tobacco stalk carbon was not suitable for the accumulation of total PHOSPHORUS in tobacco leaves,and the content of total phosphorus in tobacco leaves treated with CF and B5(5% tobacco stalk carbon +95% organic fertilizer)was higher.