Study On The Efficiency Of Cultivated Land Use In Ethnic Minority Areas From The Perspective Of Livelihood Diversity

With the development of economy,the livelihood of farmers has gradually diversified,and the increase of non-agricultural livelihood has both positive and negative effects on the utilization efficiency of cultivated land.On the one hand,the increase of non-agricultural income may increase the capital input of farmers in the process of farmland utilization,and improve the efficiency of farmland utilization.On the other hand,with the increase of farmers’ non-agricultural livelihoods,a large number of high-quality farmland in rural areas has been abandoned,which has a great negative impact on improving the efficiency of farmland utilization.The economic development of ethnic minority areas is often lagging behind,and there is also a considerable number of local agricultural population transferring to cities.Therefore,the utilization efficiency of cultivated land in ethnic minority areas will have a certain gap compared with other areas.According to the above situation,this paper selects Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County as the research area.From the perspective of farmers’ livelihood diversification,on the basis of household survey,K-means clustering analysis method is used to identify the types of farmers.The super-efficiency SBM model is used to evaluate the cultivated land utilization efficiency of various types of farmers,and the multiple linear regression model is used to explore the main factors affecting the cultivated land utilization efficiency of various types of farmers of Han and ethnic minorities,so as to provide feasible suggestions for farmers to improve the cultivated land utilization efficiency,and at the same time,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward for the problems existing in the process of local cultivated land utilization.The main research results of this paper are as follows:1.The degree of non-agricultural transformation of farmers in the study area is high.Of the 443 valid samples,agricultural income-based farmers accounted for24.4%;non-agricultural and part-time farmers account for 25.7%;part-time agricultural households accounted for 26.9%;non-agricultural income-based farmers accounted for 23%.It can be seen that the proportion of agricultural part-time farmers is the largest,but the proportion of various types of farmers is relatively balanced.2.According to the results of the classification of farmers’ livelihood types,this paper evaluates the cultivated land use efficiency of Han and ethnic minority farmers.(1)In terms of pure technical efficiency,agricultural farmers have the highest utilization efficiency of arable land,followed by non agricultural farmers,agricultural part-time farmers,and non agricultural part-time farmers;(2)In terms of scale efficiency,non agricultural and part-time farmers have the highest utilization efficiency of arable land,followed by agricultural and part-time farmers,farmer oriented farmers,and non agricultural oriented farmers;(3)In terms of comprehensive technical efficiency,agricultural farmers have the highest utilization efficiency of arable land,followed by non agricultural and part-time farmers,agricultural and part-time farmers,and non agricultural farmers.The evaluation results show that among various types of farmers,only the three efficiencies of the farmer type farmers are effective,while the farmland utilization efficiency of other farmers is generally low or even ineffective.According to the results,the comprehensive technical efficiency of farmers is mainly affected by pure technical efficiency.3.Select 13 indicators from three aspects of household characteristics,cultivated land use characteristics and income characteristics to study the influencing factors of cultivated land use efficiency,and the results show that there are certain differences in the influencing factors of cultivated land use efficiency of various types of farmers.(1)The factors influencing the positive regression coefficient are the proportion of the agricultural population,the average years of education of the agricultural labor force,the average age of the agricultural labor force,the average planting area of the labor force,the number of cultivated land plots,the cost of pesticides,the cost of seeds,the proportion of the total output value of crops,the per capita annual income of families,and the types of crops planted,such influencing factors promote the efficiency of farmers’ cultivated land use;(2)the negative factors of the regression coefficient include the actual population of the family,the average age of the agricultural labor force,the cost of machinery,the cost of seeds,the cost of fertilizer,and the per capita annual income of the family.These factors have an inhibitory effect on the utilization efficiency of farmers’ cultivated land.Among the above factors,the average age of agricultural labor force,seed cost and per capita annual income of households have both positive and negative effects on the efficiency of farmland use.The analysis data shows that the lower the average age of agricultural labor force,the higher the efficiency of farmland utilization of farmers,on the contrary,the lower the utilization efficiency of cultivated land.If farmers control the seed cost at an appropriate level,that is,the seed cost will not be too high or too low,which will have a positive effect on the utilization efficiency of cultivated land,otherwise,it will have a negative impact.For farmers with agricultural income as the main source,higher utilization efficiency of cultivated land can improve the per capita annual income of farmers,and the increase of per capita annual income of families will also enable farmers to expand the scale of inputs of various means of production,thus promoting the improvement of utilization efficiency of cultivated land.For farmers with non-agricultural income as the main source,the increase of per capita annual income of households mainly comes from the increase of non-agricultural income,which will lead to more transfer of labor force to non-agricultural livelihoods,making farmers’ management of farmland relatively extensive,which is not conducive to the improvement of farmland utilization efficiency,or even reduce the efficiency of farmland utilization.4.After clarifying the cultivated land utilization efficiency of various farmers and its influencing factors,this paper puts forward the classification and improvement strategy of cultivated land utilization efficiency,which aims to solve the problems existing in the process of cultivated land utilization of farmers and promote the increase of farmers’ income.Finally,according to the specific difficulties faced by local farmers,the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward:(1)increase subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase,fertilizer cost and fine varieties;(2)strengthen the training on the use of agricultural machinery;(3)strengthen the construction of water conservancy facilities for agricultural production;(4)increase the publicity of the advantages of farmyard manure and farmland circulation.