| Long-term greenhouse soil cultivation combined with unreasonable fertilization can easily lead to deterioration of soil properties and secondary salinization,affecting crop nutrient absorption and growth,resulting in limited yield increase.Substrate cultivation instead of soil cultivation can greatly improve crop nutrient status,improve crop yield and quality,and is also a common cultivation mode in greenhouses and other facilities.As a bio-organic fertilizer,earthworm fertilizer has a unique loose structure,rich nutrients and good water and fertilizer retention,and can be directly used as a cultivation substrate for facility cultivation.In this study,tomato was used as the research object,and the bag cultivation experiment was carried out in the greenhouse.Five treatments were set up : soil cultivation without fertilization(CK),soil cultivation conventional fertilization(CF),pure earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation(W0),earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation with 30 % chemical fertilizer(WF)and earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation with water soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer(WWF).By comparing the effects of different cultivation methods on tomato growth,yield,fruit quality,nutrient absorption,soil / substrate nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,the optimal cultivation techniques for improving tomato yield and quality were explored and selected,which provided theoretical basis and technical support for high yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and scientific use of earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation.The main results and conclusions are as follows :1.Under the condition of soil cultivation,compared with no fertilization(CK)treatment,conventional fertilization(CF)treatment significantly increased tomato plant height by 18 %,stem diameter by 30 %,yield by 80 % and biomass by 60 %,promoted tomato plant growth and dry matter accumulation,and significantly increased tomato fruit potassium accumulation by 57 %,which was beneficial to improve tomato resistance.In addition,the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus under(CF)treatment increased significantly by 77 % and 121 %,respectively.2.Compared with CF,all earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation treatments(W0,WF and WWF)significantly increased plant height and stem diameter by 24 %-33 % and 57 %-86 %,respectively,and significantly accelerated the growth of tomato plants.It significantly increased the single fruit weight by 58 % ～ 70 %,the number of fruit per plant by 37 % ～62 %,the fruit yield by 112 % ～ 168 %,the total biomass by 54 % ～ 129 %,the Vc by 7 % ～37 %,the soluble sugar by 12 % ～ 22 %,and the contents of Mg,Fe,Mn and Zn in tomato fruit,and increased the fruit number and nutrient absorption of tomato plants,thus achieving high yield of tomato.The nutrient content of earthworm fertilizer substrate(W0,WF and WWF)was significantly higher than that of CF soil.Among them,the nitrate nitrogen content of substrate was 2.38 ～ 2.86 times that of CF soil,the ammonium nitrogen content was 7.21 ～8.43 times,the available phosphorus conte nt was 38.82 ～ 39.7 times,the available potassium content was 13.91 ～ 14.92 times,the microbial biomass carbon content was 2.67 ～ 3.04 times,and the microbial biomass nitrogen content was 4.98 ～ 5.61 times.Earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation promoted the absorption and utilization of tomato nutrients by increasing the effective nutrient supply,thereby increasing tomato yield and improving tomato quality.3.Under the same earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation conditions,there was no significant difference in the yield and total biomass of WF compared with W0.It significantly increased the stem diameter of tomato by 8 %,Vc 28 % and soluble sugar 11 %,promoted the growth of tomato plants and improved fruit quality.The accumulation of N and K in tomato plants was significantly increased by 24 % and 72 %,and the contents of Ca and Zn in stems were 54 % and 20 %,which promoted the nutrient absorption of tomato.Compared with W0,WWF significantly increased stem diameter by 18 %,yield by 26 %,total biomass by 50 %and Vc content by 8 %,promoted tomato plant development and increased fruit yield.It significantly increased the N content of tomato fruit by 50 %,the cumulative absorption of N,P and K nutrients by 41 %,40 % and 93 %,the Ca content of stem by 33 % and the Zn content by 43 %,which promoted the nutrient absorption of tomato.Compared with WF,WWF significantly increased tomato yield by 22 % and total biomass by 39 %,increased plant N and P uptake by 14 % and 42 %,and decreased tomato fruit Mg content by 23 %.There was no significant difference in the nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of the earthworm fertilizer substrate.In summary,in the process of greenhouse tomato cultivation,compared with soil cultivation,earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation can improve the nutrient absorption of tomato plants,promote the growth of tomato plants,increase tomato yield and improve quality,which is a high-yield and high-quality cultivation mode.The application of earthworm fertilizer substrate combined with water-soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer obtained by earthworm enzymatic hydrolysis can promote the growth and development of tomato plants and nutrient absorption and utilization,further improve tomato yield and quality.It is an optimized greenhouse substrate cultivation method of earthworm fertilizer,which is worthy of further promotion and application in greenhouse tomato production.This conclusion is only obtained from one tomato production season.Under the earthworm fertilizer substrate cultivation mode,the nutrient depletion or dynamic changes and the long-term effects on yield need further monitoring and research. |
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