The Error Analysis Of Chinese "Shi...De" Structure By Foreign Students At The Middle And Advanced Levels

“Shi...de” structure is not only a common sentence pattern in Chinese,but also a hot topic in the study of Chinese as a foreign language.“Shi...de” can be divided into two types,the first type used to emphasize on one aspect that an action has taken place or completed,the second type used to express the tone of affirmation and conviction.The research object of this paper is the errors of foreign students,we conducted corpus analysis and questionnaire survey on the research objects to summarize the characteristics of errors and explore the causes of errors,hope to have some reference to teaching and research in the future.Errors of foreign students in the HSK dynamic composition corpus can be divided into four categories: omission,wrong sequence,addition and wrong alternation.The number of omission errors is the most and the number of wrong alternation errors is the least.This paper also conducted a questionnaire study for foreign students and native speakers.Based on the analysis of the questionnaire results,we draw the following conclusions:1.As a whole,the higher the Chinese level(the higher the HSK level),the lower the error rate,but the Chinese level and the error rate are not simply related.Both the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the results of the questionnaire survey show that the error rate and the number of addition errors are higher and the wrong alternation errors are the lowest.In the questionnaire survey,the wrong sequence error’s rate is the highest.2.From the perspective of the type of errors,the subjects had omission,wrong sequence,addition errors after modifying the questions in the questionnaire.We also found a new error type,which is an error in the overall structure of the sentence“shi...de”.3.According to the acceptance of errors,the acceptance of foreign students is much higher than that of native speakers.The mother tongue has the highest acceptance of the“omission” and the lowest acceptance of the “wrong sequence”,which is the opposite of the order of foreign students.4.After identifying the errors,the native speaker is more inclined to change the sentence to “shi...de” structure in the omission errors,the wrong sequence errors and the wrong alternation errors.The learner of SL prefer to change the sentence into a general predicate sentence.Both foreign students and native speakers are more likely to get rid of the wrong parts in the addition errors.5.In the absence of obvious hints,for foreign students,the usage preference and correct rate of “shi...de” structure are 6>2>1>5>7>3/4.The preference of native speakers for these seven structures is 1/6>5>7>2>4>3.When there is a hint in the question,most foreign students will use the same structure as the questions,there was a significant difference from the data without obvious hints.According to the research on HSK dynamic composition corpus and questionnaire survey,we point out that the causes of errors may be the uniqueness of Chinese word order and function words,the overgeneralization of “Shi...de” structure,learners’ avoidance strategies and the influence of textbook arrangement.The last chapter is the teaching proposal.In teaching,we should strengthen the whole teaching and sequential teaching.The sentence should be taught in a certain order of acquisition.We should strengthen our guidance in teaching,pay attention to the use of contrast,highlight the different expression focus in sentences,let students can better understand the “shi...de” structure.