A Study On The Negotiations Between China And Russia Regarding The Loss Of Chinese Commercial Rubles(1919-1931)

Since the 1880 s,a variety of rubles have flowed into China.The reason is that in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,China did not establish a set of unified and standardized modern paper currency issuance and circulation system,so the currency system was chaotic and inconvenient to use.In this case,the Sino-Russian Daosheng Bank cheated the trust of Chinese businessmen and people,and the ruble in many parts of China "crowded out" the local currency.However,from the first World War until the establishment of the Soviet Union,the Russian government repeatedly printed money to supplement its military spending,causing the value of the ruble to plummet.The ruble was reduced to waste paper,and a large number of Chinese businessmen and people who held rubles suffered heavy losses.Therefore,since 1919,the Chinese businessmen and people petitioned the Beiyang government to compensate Russia for the loss of roubles.After that,China and Russia had repeated negotiations on compensating the ruble losses of Chinese businessmen and people,until 1931,when Japan launched the September 18 Incident,the negotiation on the ruble losses between China and Russia failed to reach an end.During 13 years of negotiation,many contradictions emerged.On the one hand,China and Russia are engaged in a fierce dispute over compensation standards and liability.On the other hand,the various forces in China have different attitudes towards claiming rouble losses from their own interests.Therefore,whether it is China and Russia,or within China,because of the large cognitive gap,so that the case has not been substantive progress.At the same time,the Chinese business people,the media to claim the loss of rouble and strive together,launched a vigorous "national diplomacy" activities.Chinese businessmen urged the Chinese government to negotiate with the Russian government,and the All-China Federation of Commerce,various civil organizations,and the press offered advice to the government in an effort to obtain compensation.The "national diplomacy" campaign to compensate Russia for the loss of rubles had a significant impact on the negotiation between China and Russia,but failed to achieve even the minimum amount of ruble compensation.Throughout the whole process of the negotiation between China and Russia on the loss of roubles,the negotiation between China and Russia on economic issues is more about the game of political interests.During the negotiation period,successive Chinese central governments and relevant local governments,institutions and organizations actively participated in the negotiation to compensate for the loss of the ruble.However,they always focused on their own interests and did not fully consider the actual loss of Chinese businessmen and people.It is also because of too much consideration of its own interests and relations that China failed to claim the loss of roubles from Russia.The negotiation between China and Russia on the loss of roubles lasted for 13 years,which aroused the high attention of the government and the society at that time.However,the study on this period of history has been vague for a long time.Preliminary exploration and reflection on this history may arouse more attention of the academic circle on this issue.