The Effect Of Concept Mapping And Extraction Exercises On False Memory Of College Students

Concept mapping is one of the common learning methods in our daily life.Previous studies have proved that concept mapping has a positive effect on our correct memory,but there is no relevant research on false memory.Previous studies have shown that the higher the word correlation,the stronger the false memory effect,but there is no consistent results on the effect of processing depth on false memory.Concept mapping is a learning style that combines depth of processing with word association,so what effect it might have on our false memories is unclear.In this study,the classical centralized association research paradigm,that is,the DRM paradigm,was used to process and improve the DRM word list into the concept map word list.Three experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of concept map learning on false memory,and other learning methods were used to reduce the occurrence of false memory and improve the study performance of the subjects.If the extraction practice can effectively reduce false memory,will the Retrieval-Enhanced Suggestibility be implied due to exposure to misleading information,and finally lead to the enhancement of false memory effect?In order to avoid the error caused by the unfamiliar concept map,the subjects used in the study were all college students.In experiment 1,a single between-subject design was used to compare the effects of concept map learning group and classical word list group on correct and false memory.The dependent variables were the error rate of learning words,the error recognition rate of key decoy words and the error rate of irrelevant words.The results showed that concept map learning could indeed enhance the correct memory of the subjects,but it also enhanced the false memory of the subjects.In order to reduce the occurrence of false memory on the basis of improving the retention of correct memory,we designed experiment two.In experiment 2,single between-subject design was adopted,and the independent variable was learning style,which was divided into three groups:extraction practice group,repetitive learning group and control group.Concept mapping was used for learning in all experimental groups.The dependent variable is the same as experiment 1.The results showed that the extraction practice group had better results in the improvement of correct memory and the reduction of false memory,that is,using the extraction practice with concept map learning will have the best results.However,since extraction practice is not a perfect way to learn,it has the Retrieval-Enhanced Suggestibility of being implied by extraction enhancement,misleading information is introduced in Experiment 3 to verify whether exposure to misleading information in extraction exercises will enhance the false memory of subjects.A mixed design of 3(learning style: extraction exercise,repetitive learning,control group)X2(time: immediate test,delayed test)was employed in Experiment 3with learning style as the inter-subject variable,time as the intra-subject variable,and the dependent variable conforming to Experiment 1 and 2.The results revealed that the main effect of learning style and time on the recognition rate of key decoy words was significant.After exposure to misleading information,the false recognition rate of key decoy words in the extraction practice group was higher than that in the repetition learning group.From the three experiments conducted,this study has come to the following conclusions:1.The use of concept map learning can indeed effectively improve our academic performance,but it will also increase our false memory.Therefore,the use of concept map learning needs to be adjusted with some other learning methods to reduce false memory.2.In the learning of concept map,it is better to use extraction exercises for learning than simple repetitive learning to reduce the occurrence of false memory on the basis of maintaining a high correct memory.3.In the process of learning with extraction exercises,if some misleading information is encountered,it will lead to greater misleading effect than repeated learning,which will increase students’ false memory.Therefore,we should create a clean learning environment to avoid students’ exposure to some misleading information,so as to maximize the improvement of students’ performance.