Research On "V+dao+X" Based On Event Structure Theory And Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

The "V+dao+X" structure is a special subcategory in the Chinese complement system."dao" can be collocated with most verbs as place complement,time complement,result complement,etc.The semantic and syntactic functions of "dao" in different types of complements are quite different.It can be both a verb and an auxiliary word,and also presents the functional characteristics of preposition.It makes it difficult for foreign students to acquire this structure,resulting in a large number of errors,and also brings challenges to teaching Chinese as a second language.From the perspective of Linguistic Competence,we regard that the difficulty for foreign students to acquire this structure lies in their insufficient understanding of the semantic and syntactic functions of "dao" and the structures of "V+dao+X".Previous studies have focused on the definition of the part of speech and the path of virtualization of "dao",and the summary of the lexical semantics of the collocation of "V" and "dao".Through literature review,we find that there are some problems need to be further explored,such as the relationship between "V" and "dao" and "X" in the "V+dao+X" structure,their collocation restrictions,the semantic and syntactic functions of "dao" and the whole structure,and the sources of the "acquired meaning" in previous studies.Thus we make the following exploration to solve these problems:First of all,with the help of argument structure theory,according to the argument attribution of "X",we revealed the type difference and relevance within the "V+dao+X" structure and the thematic role of the "X" component by formal means.We discussed the semantic difference of "V+dao+X" with the same form when the same verb is used in the structure,and also the argument structure differences in the deeper level.Secondly,based on the event structure theory,Chinese verbs were roughly classified,their semantic characteristics were summarized,and the collocation restrictions of "V" and "dao" were discussed,and the strong collocation of [-terminal] verbs and "dao" were found.Based on the theory of telicity,"X" is the boundary point in the "V+dao+X" structure,and "dao" can be analyzed as the instantaneous boundary point mark,which makes unbounded events bounded.Then,with the help of the analysis method of event semantics,the meaning of events of different complement types in the "V+ dao +X" structure and the connection and difference between them were investigated,and the semantic and syntactic functions of "dao" were further explained.Category A structure can be analyzed as "activity-instantaneous achievement",but Category B structure contains the meaning of perfective.The structure of "V+dao+X" is actually in the development process of " activity-instantaneous achievement "-"activity completed"-"activity realization".The difference between them is that the "dao" in the A-type structure is the "lexical aspect",which acts on the inside of the event,while the "dao" in the B-type structure has reflected the function of the "operator",which operates on the whole event.The semantic function of A-type structure indicates that the action lasts until the boundary point and ends instantaneously,not as a result complement.With the help of event semantic analysis,the difference between the two types of negative structures of "V+dao+X" can be clearly explained,"mei" negates the overall complex event,while "bu" negates the sub-event "dao+X".Thirdly,according to the internal type differences of the "V+dao+X" structure,the types of errors in the HSK dynamic composition corpus containing the "V+dao+X" structure were defined.Based on the linguistic regularities and error frequency,two more errors are added to the traditional types of errors such as the absence and redundancy of "dao".One error is the mixed use between different complement components such as the mix use of "dao" and "de",and another is the mixed use between different aspectual meaning components such as the mix use of "dao" and "le".We focus on explaining the causes of errors from the perspectives of semantics and syntax.Finally,based on the investigation of the vocabulary collection and Language point setting related to the "V+dao+X" structure in the book "Standards for the Chinese Level of International Chinese Education" and some textbooks about teaching Chinese as a foreign language,and also the results of error analysis,we put froward some corresponding teaching suggestions.Specifically,the suggestions are as following: firstly,carry out the comparison between Chinese and foreign languages based on the event structure theory;secondly,help students to establish a link between the event types of their mother tongue and Chinese;thridly,understand the collocation of parts of speech and aspect meaning from the perspective of time structure;fourthly,design language points hierarchically based on the "Trinity Grammar",and the event types,stylistic features and the features of co-occurring elements of the "V+dao+X" structure;fifthly,explore the transformation from theoretical grammar to pedagogical grammar.