| In recent years,large-scale disasters and catastrophic emergencies have occurred frequently,which seriously impacted the social and economic development and the safety of people’s lives,also posed new challenges to disaster emergency management.Emergency resource allocation under time constraints and resource pressures is a difficult and complex decision-making process.Allocating emergency resource scientifically and efficiently is the core of post-disaster emergency response,which helps to improve the efficiency of emergency rescue,alleviate the suffering of victims and improve the level of emergency management.Emergency resource allocation is a continuous multi-cycle process,which usually requires the cooperation of administrations,enterprises,medical institutions,transfer institutions and other departments,involving emergency command centers,resource allocation centers,disaster affected areas and other heterogeneous subjects.Therefore,emergency resource allocation is a complex system engineering which requires the participation and cooperation of multiple subjects under the scene of time pressing,resource shortage and budget pressure.However,because of the constraints of external environment such as resources and time,as well as the influence of internal environment with different demands of heterogeneous subjects,it could inevitably lead to subject conflict.Therefore,resolute the conflict in emergency resource allocation system is an important prerequisite to ensure the smooth operation of resource allocation.Based on the subject conflict problem of emergency resource allocation mentioned above,firstly,this paper abstracted a three-layer and two-stage resource allocation model from the reality of emergency resource allocation,analyzed the key elements of the relevant subjects in the system,and designed a formal representation method for the subjects.After deeply discussing the causes of the subject conflict,this paper described the types of subject conflicts namely budget conflict,resource conflict and time conflict,and gave the representation methods of the subject conflict.The measurement methods of all kinds of conflict and the integration methods of system principal conflict were defined,which provided explicit measurement tools for the degree of principal conflict.Then setting multi-period emergency resource allocation problem as the breakthrough point,this paper discussed the expected goals of each subject,namely to minimize the social costs,maximize survival effect and maximize utility fairness.The mapping relationship between subjects’ goals and conflict resolution was proved by mathematical method.In addition,a multi-period and multi-objective dynamic programming model was established to resolve the subject conflict.According to the characteristics of the model and the requirements of solution,SOS2 constraint method was introduced to perform linear transformation of nonlinear functions.The rolling algorithm(RA)based on greedy random adaptive search algorithm(GRASP)was designed to solve the model based on the approximate dynamic programming method,considering the unequal control right of subjects.The process of resolving agent conflict is completed,and the resource allocation scheme of each cycle is obtained.Finally,a case study was given,taking post-earthquake emergency resource allocation as an example.According to the actual situation,relevant parameters were set in combination with data simulation,and the subjects in the system is represented and the initial conflict degree is measured.The dynamic changes of subject control right,disaster degree and conflict importance in different stages were considered to verify the validity and scientificity of the model.The analysis results show that the model can effectively resolve the conflict degree of the subjects in the system,reasonably control the cost in the process of resource allocation,give consideration to the life-saving effectiveness and fairness,and alleviate the deprivation pain of the victims. |
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