Study On The Livelihood Vulnerability Of The Poverty Alleviation And Relocation Households In Karst Area

The study of farmers’ livelihood vulnerability provides scientific basis for diversified livelihood strategies and sustainable livelihood development of relocated farmers in inhospitable areas.By using the research group’s field survey data,this paper analyzed the exposure,sensitivity and adaptability of peasant households in the typical poverty-alleviation relocation communities in Liupanshui City,constructed the livelihood vulnerability evaluation system of peasant households in poverty-alleviation relocation communities in karst mountainous areas,and evaluated the livelihood vulnerability of peasant households before and after relocation by classifying the types of peasant households and using cluster analysis.At the same time,the temporal analysis of the changes of livelihood vulnerability of different types of peasant households is carried out.Finally,stepwise linear regression analysis was used to screen out the key factors affecting the level of household livelihood vulnerability,as well as the factors affecting the level of livelihood vulnerability with different relocation time and resettlement methods.Based on the research results,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)After relocation,the level of livelihood vulnerability of peasant households showed a trend from high to low.The number of pure household samples decreased,while the number of non-agricultural samples increased,and the level of livelihood vulnerability of pure household,farm-cum-household and non-household also decreased gradually.The exposure levels of urban resettlement,market town resettlement and central village resettlement gradually increased,but the sensitivity decreased.The adaptability of these three resettlement methods was also significantly enhanced,and the adaptability of rural households resettled in urban areas increased the most.The household livelihood vulnerability of rural households resettled in urban and market towns decreased significantly over time,while that of rural households resettled in central villages decreased first and then increased.The household livelihood vulnerability level of households with livelihood diversification index of 3 is the lowest,but the sample size is relatively small.After relocation,most peasant households mainly have one or two livelihood diversification indexes.With the increase of relocation time,the household livelihood vulnerability of low-income,middle-income and high-income households decreased significantly.(2)By comparing the three different types of resettlement methods of rural households,it can be clearly seen that urban resettlement has the biggest advantage.Compared with central village and market town resettlement,urban resettlement can better stimulate the development potential of farmers,reduce their risk of returning to poverty,and improve their ability to cope with livelihood risks.Increasing the diversity of income sources and income levels of rural households can significantly reduce their vulnerability.Therefore,in the government assistance policy after relocation,priority should be paid to the development and optimization of urban resettlement.(3)The energy dependence,drinking water security and livelihood vulnerability of households before relocation have significant negative effects.After relocation,household livelihood diversification index and social network have a significant positive impact on alleviating household livelihood vulnerability.In central village resettlement,living convenience and household income satisfaction have a significant positive impact on livelihood vulnerability,while in market town resettlement,custom expenditure has a significant negative impact on livelihood vulnerability.The degree of policy understanding has a significant positive impact.The index of living convenience,per capita net income and livelihood diversification in urban resettlement has a significant positive impact on livelihood vulnerability.With the increase of relocation time,housing area,trust degree to people around and per capita years of education have a deepening positive impact on the livelihood vulnerability level of rural households.