Study On The Sustainable Livelihood Of Relocation Of Immigrants From Poverty Alleviation In Southern Shaanxi

Compared with the immigration caused by the traditional push-pull theory,the immigrants in South Shaanxi have the characteristics of government behavior.It breaks the pattern of matching the laborers formed in the natural evolution with scattered farmland,and the situation of separation of laborers from land appears.Causes unsustainable livelihoods after relocation.The “Relocation and Resettlement of Immigrants from Southern Shaanxi Region” project is an important decision implemented by Shaanxi Province in 2011,and it is a great project to solve the problem of poverty in mountainous areas and protect personal safety.In 2020,the relocation tasks during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period have been basically completed,and the battle against poverty has ushered in the end of the year.The task of getting rid of poverty for farmers has been basically completed,but the task of preventing return to poverty and achieving the goal of “getting rich” is still there distance.Therefore,the follow-up support to help immigrants to truly “root the poor” to increase their income has become the most important task in later work.Studying sustainable livelihoods and livelihood strategies for relocated households has far-reaching significance for the subsequent promotion of poverty alleviation and relocation policies.This article selects the national key area of poverty alleviation and development in southern Shaanxi as the research area,and selects 584 relocated households in 9 counties in 3 cities of South Shaanxi,Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo as sample surveys and interviews.Firstly,analyze the factors affecting the vulnerability of farmers in the study area;secondly,construct an index system of livelihood capital evaluation before and after poverty alleviation and carry out descriptive statistics,and compare and analyze the changes in livelihood capital levels before and after the relocation;The overall improvement situation;Finally,the logistic regression analysis is used to explore the relationship between the livelihood capital of immigrants and the choice of livelihood strategies.found in study:(1)Through the analysis of farmers' vulnerability,the natural disaster risk index value(0.28)and economic activity risk index value(0.26)of the farmers are relatively higher.More than 65% of the relocated farmers indicated that they were severely affected by natural disasters,and more than 90% of the farmers reported job opportunities.Decreased,economic income declined,natural disaster risks and risks of economic activities seriously affected farmers' lives;social capital and human capital of farmers in the three cities of southern Shaanxi were generally higher,followed by financial capital,physical capital and natural capital were the lowest;farmers had more before In terms of agricultural work,they do not have a certain level of working skills,and generally have a low level of education and low adaptability.The vulnerability of farmers is closely related to their income levels,education,and livelihood capital ownership.The vulnerability of high-income peasant households is far lower than that of middle-and low-income peasant households;the vulnerability of peasant households is inversely related to education,that is,the lower the level of education,the higher the vulnerability.In short,half of the farmers in the study area face high-risk impacts,lack of livelihood capital,and low adaptive capacity.(2)From the perspective of livelihood capital before and after resettlement,the total capital after resettlement was 0.246,which was higher than the total capital before resettlement of 0.224.Although the relocation caused the level of natural capital and human capital of the relocated households to be reduced,in terms of the three types of capital: physical capital,financial capital,and social capital,the capital level after relocation is better than that before relocation.Bring more positive impact.(3)After the relocation,the livelihood of farmers may be unsustainable.55.42% of the residents stated that they had moved out of their original place of residence,could not use the original land for planting,breeding,etc.,could no longer be self-sufficient,greatly reducing the source of household income.Moreover,the living cost of urban residents increased at least 500 yuan a month,which not only failed to improve their living standards,but also had to face employment and income sources,which made some farmers complain that it was better to live well before relocation.There were 83 inquiries.The number of peasant households expressed this idea,accounting for 14.28% of the total number of people surveyed,and at the same time,the proportion of peasant households that reduced their household income was 54.56%,while the increase accounted for only 27.12%.Specifically analyzing the influencing factors of farmers' living standards,five factors affecting the livelihood level after resettlement were obtained,which are the factors affecting the income level,the factors affecting the population structure,the factors affecting the lifestyle changes of the farmers,the factors affecting the employment methods of the farmers,and the living conditions.Impact factor of data source.It is required that when evaluating the standard of livelihood of farmers after relocation,the selection of the income level of the first principal component should be focused on,and this time it is the choice of the population structure of the second principal component.