A Study On Social Adaptation And Social Work Intervention Strategies Of Urban Elderly Female Immigrants

In recent years,China’s economic and social development is rapid,and the urbanization process is accelerated.It has become the consensus of many young people to pursue their ideals in big cities,and more and more young people have a family and a career in cities.As women enter the labor market on a large scale,the two-child policy and the three-child policy have been introduced successively.In the era of "fine parenting",the family’s child-rearing pressure is increasing rapidly.At this time,elderly women go to cities alone to take care of their grandchildren becomes the best choice to mediate the contradiction between work and life of young people,thus giving birth to a large number of elderly female immigrants.After entering the city,they find it difficult to adapt to the changing environment and face many problems of social adaptation.It is the proper meaning of active aging to pay attention to the rural-urban mobility practice of elderly female immigrants and guide them to better adapt to urban life.This study focuses on the female group of the elderly floating population under the framework of social adaptation.Taking the elderly female immigrants in L community of Jinan City as the research object,the case study method of qualitative research is used to collect the interview data of 8 elderly female immigrants through participatory observation and semi-structured interview.This paper discusses their social adaptation from five dimensions:environmental adaptation,life adaptation,cultural adaptation,social relationship adaptation and psychological adaptation,analyzes the factors that affect their social adaptation from three aspects:individual,family and peer group,community and society,and finally puts forward strategies to intervene in their social adaptation from the perspective of social work.The findings are as follows:(1)Elderly female immigrants face various adaptation problems in urban life,and their social adaptation varies from person to person.In addition to the common adaptation problems of elderly immigrants,elderly female immigrants also face some special adaptation problems,such as slow adaptation to the environment,heavy burden of care,tension between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,differences in parenting concepts,uneven care between children,and insufficient ability to use intelligent technologies,due to poor physical and mental health during menopause,relatively insufficient mobility experience and low educational level.(2)In order to have a deeper understanding of the social adjustment of elderly female immigrants,the study also explored the factors affecting social adjustment,and found that personal health status,education level,lack of mobility experience,time and distance away from home would have an impact on social adjustment;The lack of family support,the absence of peer support,the occurrence of important events,the lack of community support,the fragmentation of household registration system and medical security system,and the imperfect social public services all affect the process of social adjustment of elderly female immigrants to varying degrees.(3)After understanding the common needs of elderly female immigrants,the feasibility and specific strategies of social work intervention in social adjustment are discussed,that is,focusing on individuals and families,deconstructing adjustment difficulties,giving play to the role of peer groups,building social support networks,and building friendly communities for elderly immigrants through community work intervention,strengthening policy advocacy,and creating an atmosphere of acceptance.A combination of measures to help them adjust to life better.