A Study On Sleep Status And Its Influence On Sports Performance Of High-level Basketball Players In Chinese Sports Colleges

Sleep is an important part of preparation before high-intensity training and recovery after training.It is an extremely important recovery strategy for athletes and a key factor for athletes to achieve their best state in the field.Global sleep quality research shows that 50%-78% of athletes experience sleep disorders,and 22%-26%of athletes experience high sleep disorders.Athletes are prone to sleep difficulties,which are characterized by habitual lack of sleep(sleep time < 7 hours per night),poor sleep quality(manifested as fragmented sleep),non restorative sleep,difficulty in falling asleep,daytime fatigue and drowsiness.There are many studies on sleep and athletes abroad,on the contrary,the domestic research on Athletes’ sleep started late,and there are few reviews and experimental studies on sleep.Through the method of literature,this study expounds the sleep characteristics,sleep influencing factors,physiological mechanism and research related to competitive performance of athletes,and preliminarily determines the research scheme.A questionnaire survey was conducted on the sleep status and sleep influencing factors of high-level basketball players in sports colleges and universities in China,and the main sleep problems and sleep influencing factors were found.At the same time,the experimental method was used to carry out one night acute sleep restriction experiment and one month long-term sleep monitoring on the women’s basketball players of Shanghai Institute of physical education.During this period,the athletes’ sports performance was tested and the relationship between sleep and sports performance was analyzed.The questionnaire survey and empirical research combined with big data can more objectively reflect the sleep status of high-level basketball players in China’s sports colleges and universities and its impact on sports performance.Using mathematical statistics to carry out descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,one-way analysis of variance,independent sample t-test,paired sample t-test,covariance analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis on the collected data,screen the main factors affecting athletes’ sleep,and analyze the impact of sleep on Athletes’ sports performance at the same time.The survey results of high-level basketball players in China’s sports colleges and universities show that the average sleep time of athletes is 7.41 h every night,the sleep efficiency is 85.71%,and the sleep latency is 20.94 min.More than half(53.4%)of athletes have difficulty sleeping.62.3% of female athletes and 44.8% of male athletes had difficulty sleeping.The sleep difference between athletes of different genders was statistically significant(p < 0.05).There was no significant difference in sleep difficulty score and sleep difficulty level among athletes of different sports levels(p >0.05).There was a very significant positive correlation between sleep behavior score and sleep difficulty score(p < 0.01).55.47% of athletes had training fatigue,82% of athletes thought they were in a bad sleep environment,and 96.76% of athletes would use electronic devices before going to bed.The results of acute sleep restriction experiment on women’s basketball players in Shanghai Institute of physical education showed that there were very significant differences in t-run(p < 0.01),84 m turn back run(p < 0.01),yo yo intermittent recovery test(p < 0.05),reverse vertical jump(p <0.01),dribbling test(p < 0.05),shooting test hit rate(p < 0.05)and shooting test score(p < 0.05)between group A(pre sleep restriction)and group B(post sleep restriction)before and after the experiment,There is no significant difference between passing test and shooting test;There was no significant difference in all test scores of athletes in the control group(p > 0.05).The long-term experimental results show that sleep quality will significantly affect athletes’ t-run,84 m turn back run,dribble,shooting percentage and shooting score(p < 0.01),but will not affect the number of shots(p >0.05).The results show that: 1)the incidence of sleep difficulties in female athletes is higher than that in male athletes.There are significant differences in sleep time and sleep latency,but there is no significant difference in sleep efficiency.There are also significant differences in sleep among athletes of different sports levels;Bad sleep behavior will directly affect the score of athletes’ sleep difficulty.2)Training fatigue,major competitions,poor sleep environment and the use of electronic equipment before going to bed are the main factors that interfere with athletes’ sleep,which is easy to make athletes have difficulty falling asleep or fragmented sleep.3)Sleep volume and sleep quality will significantly negatively affect the results of t-run,84 m turn back run and dribble test,significantly positively affect the hit rate of 60 s shooting test and the total score of 60 s shooting test,and will not affect the shots of passing test and 60s shooting test.