Research On The Special Technical Movement Characteristics And Training Means Of Speed Skating

Research purposes: Speed skating is one of the oldest traditional winter sports,and it is also an important event of the Winter Olympic Games.Because of the restriction of various conditions,the speed skating has developed slowly in our country,compared with the European and American countries,there is still a big gap.At present,the research on the specific physical fitness training of speed skating in our country is relatively few,mainly theoretical research and lack of practical test.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technical movements of high-level speed skaters,and to sum up the characteristics of the technical movements of speed skaters in terms of kinematics and electromyography,according to the characteristics of speed skating,this paper designs the training methods which accord with the technical movement characteristics of speed skating,improves the status quo of speed skating athletes’ training,and improves their special competitive ability and performance.Research Object and method:In this paper,high-level speed skaters Guan XX,Wang XX,Ma XX as the research object,two CCD high-speed scanning cameras and Delsys Trigno 16-channel surface EMG tester with sampling frequency of 2148 Hz were used to test the speed skaters,then Fastmove Motion-3D v1.2.73 D motion analysis system and Emg Server 3.0 software were used to analyze the kinematics and EMG,respectively,finally,the data obtained from the analysis are sorted out and analyzed by Excel.Results: 1.At the starting stage,the distance skaters’ range of motion is between 60 ° and180 ° at elbow joint angle,between 0 ° and 180 ° at shoulder joint angle,between 40 ° and160 ° at hip joint angle,between 60 ° and 180 ° at knee joint angle and between 15 ° and 100 °at pedal angle,the above curves of joint angles are undulating,while the range of motion of torso angles is rising slowly from 40 ° to 70 °.2.In the curve stage of speed skating,the inclination angle is a key index worthy of our attention.It reflects the condition of the speed skaters’ body incline in the course of skating.With the continuity of the whole process of turning,the inclination angle should be reduced gradually.The maximum inclination angle of the three skaters is 49 °,the minimum inclination angle is 21 °.3.At the start of the race,the main discharging muscles were oblique abdominis,erector spines,rectus abdominis,gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior the erector spines maintain the stability of the upper body and hip joints.The rectus abdominis and oblique abdominis help the body move forward and laterally,while the gluteus maximus drives the quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscle to complete the fast push-off.4.The major discharging muscles in the straight line were gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,erector spine,Biceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.The erector spines maintain the stability of the hip joint in the straight line,while the quadriceps femoris muscle maintains the stability of the body in the single support stage.The Biceps femoris muscle and tibialis anterior muscles increase the incline range of the side pedaling,the gluteus maximus,the quadriceps femoris muscle,the Biceps femoris muscle,the gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior muscle all work together to complete the fast pedal skating.5.The major discharge muscles in the curve stage are gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,erector,Biceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.The erector spines maintain the stability of the hip at the curve stage.The Biceps femoris muscle and tibialis anterior muscles increase the slope of the side pedaling,the gluteus maximus,the quadriceps femoris muscle,the Biceps femoris muscle,the gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior all work together to power the curve.Conclusion: 1.In the start stage of speed skating,the athletes mainly adopt the lateral parallel start mode,and gain the power of advance by swinging arms quickly and pushing ice quickly.The elbow angle reaches its maximum when the arm is at its highest point behind.The participation of gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,Biceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles was high during exercise.2.In the straight-line phase of speed skating,the athletes swing their arms alternately from left to right.In the single-support phase,the angles of the ipsilateral knee and hip joint remain relatively stable,while those of the opposite hip and knee joint fluctuate greatly the hip-knee angle remains relatively stable during the double-brace phase.Higher discharge levels were found in gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,Biceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior during exercise.3.During the speed skating curve stage,the left arm rests on the back and the right arm swings to maintain the balance of the body.The angle of the left shoulder joint and the angle of the left elbow joint does not change significantly,the torso angle and inclination angle showed a slow decline trend to improve the speed of the athletes in curve skating.Greater involvement of gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris muscle,Biceps femoris muscle,gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles is high during exercise.