Morality,Order And Harmony

The basic position of Yangming’s moral education thought is to construct people’s original existence,social value and social order with virtue ethics.Yangming’s mind theory is developed from Mencius’ theory.Its thinking path of moral education continues Mencius’ s self-cultivation logic of "howing your mind so that you know your nature and heaven",and on this basis,it provides a priori ontological basis for moral introspection-"conscience".In Yangming’s moral education thought,conscience is the logical starting point of all moral motives and moral behaviors.It promotes the rational construction of social order and sets the moral education ideal pursuit of harmony of all things through self-realization and self-displayment.Therefore,in the logic of thinking,Yangming’s moral education thought of mind theory is always carried out successively around the logical approach of morality-order-harmony: based on the metaphysical basis of "heart is reason",it is carried out from the two dimensions of heart-reason relationship and heart-object relationship,implements the internal dimension of "unity of knowledge and practice",fulfils the practical path of "conscience" in the process of moral education,and finally reaches the ultimate value appeal of "all things in one".As an ideological weapon to save the impetuous and profit-seeking social atmosphere in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,Yang Ming’s moral education thought not only reconstructs the ontological basis and cultivation path of morality,but also contains rich modern values: in the concept of equality,the universality of the supreme good conscience guarantees the possibility of human equality and value equality;in the view of freedom,the duality of conscience makes it obtain the dual regulations of rational freedom and individual freedom;in the view of justice,acting according to conscience between "following reason" and "consistent with reason" is accompanied by the realization of responsibility justice and social justice at the same time.However,it should be emphasized that the germination of these values is not equal to equality,freedom and justice in the modern sense,and there is still theoretical deviation and tension between them.An objective analysis of the theoretical characteristics and limitations of Yangming’s moral education thought is the premise to reveal its ideological value.On the one hand,in the unity of knowledge,morality and value,as well as all-round development and harmonious education,Yangming’s moral education thought has theoretical flash and advantages;on the other hand,the digestion of the acquired environment,the narrowing of the perspective of moral education theory and a single evaluation standard make Yangming’s moral education thought difficult to overcome its ideological disadvantages.Generally speaking,Yangming’s moral education thought is a logical,systematic and complete theoretical system.It restablishes the existence value and realization path of morality from a new perspective,and can become an ideological resource for the in-depth development and self optimization of current moral education: in the principle and content of moral education,we should adhere to the priority of moral education,realize the mutual supplement of the principle of equality and difference,and implement the unity of moral developing and value objectives;in terms of moral education methods,we should flexibly use the teaching methods of the combination of belief education and responsibility education,personality education and normative education,virtue cultivation and moral practice,so as to deepen the moral cognition of individuals in the diversified education mode and rich virtue practice;in terms of the purpose of moral education,we should establish the evaluation standard of "learning hould focus on self-gains",strive to realize the harmonious unity of self,nature and society,and constantly enhance the effectiveness of moral education based on moral value recognition.In a word,excavating the modern value of Wang Yangming’s moral education thought of mind theory is not only conducive to the creative development and innovative transformation of Chinese excellent traditional culture,but also provides useful theoretical and methodological enlightenment for the reform and development of modern moral education.