| Since the 21 st century,school sports have achieved remarkable results under the guiding ideology of "health first",but the safety of school sports has also been gradually taken seriously.The Ministry of Education issued the "Measures for Handling Student Injuries" in 2002 and the "Opinions on Strengthening Youth Sports and Enhancing Youth Physical Fitness" in 2007,followed by the "Interim Measures for Risk Prevention and Control of School Sports" in 2015 and the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Sports in the New Era" in 2021.The city of Tianjin,on the other hand,also issued policies such as "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on Strengthening School Sports for the Overall Development of Students’ Physical and Mental Health" in 2017 and "Implementation Plan for the Integration of Sports and Education for the Healthy Development of Youth in Tianjin" in 2021,all of which emphasize the importance of promoting the healthy development of youths’ physical and mental health while improving school sports safety risk prevention and management mechanisms.This paper intends to investigate the safety of school sports for secondary school students in Tianjin,find out the causes of school sports safety risks,classify them scientifically,find the patterns,and formulate relevant risk prevention measures according to local conditions,so as to minimize the incidence of risks and create a safe and comfortable learning environment for students and promote their healthy physical and mental growth.By using the methods of literature,expert interview,accident tree analysis,Delphi method and other research methods,this paper analyzes and discusses the problems existing in sports activities of middle school students in Tianjin from four aspects:teachers,students,venue equipment and school management,identifies the risk factors in sports activities of middle school students,and makes key assessment of all kinds of risks.Finally,according to the evaluation results,the risk response strategy is proposed.The conclusions are as follows:1.The sources of physical education safety risks of secondary school students in Tianjin mainly include "teacher factor","student factor","venue equipment factor" and "school management factor"."Teacher factor" mainly includes "sports safety inspection","sports safety knowledge education","organization of activities" 3 secondary indexes and10 tertiary indexes;"Student factor" mainly includes "sports safety behavior","sports safety cognition" two secondary indexes and four tertiary indexes;"Venue equipment factor" mainly includes "sports venue","sports equipment" 2 second-level indicators and4 third-level indicators;"School management factors" mainly include "management system","medical resources" 2 second-level indicators and 7 third-level indicators.Finally,a risk index evaluation system including 4 first-level indexes,9 second-level indexes and 25 third-level indexes was established.2.The "teacher factor","student factor","venue equipment factor" and "school management factor" were divided into major factors,minor factors and general factors by Pareto analysis method,and the main risk factors under each level index were analyzed.The main risk factors for teachers were "training students’ safety cognition and protection skills","management of sports activity order","understanding of students’ specific physique and discomfort","organization and mobilization of teams" and "explanation of sports activity requirements and precautions";The main risk factors of students were "students’ safety awareness" and "estimation of their own physical state";The main risk factors of venue equipment are "planning and layout of sports venues" and "equipment of protective equipment such as protective nets and protective pads";The main risk factors of school management are "training of staff safety cognition and rescue ability","student health records management system" and "establishment and implementation of sports equipment management system".3.Evaluate the possibility,severity and controllability of sports safety risks of secondary school students in Tianjin respectively from the whole through the list ranking method of expert scores.The top five risk factors were "complying with the requirements and rules of sports activities","students’ safety awareness","the formulation and implementation of the management system of sports equipment","the estimation of their own physical condition",and "the understanding of students’ specific physique and discomfort".Through the analysis of these factors with large amounts of risk,the foundation is laid for the subsequent risk response.4.Based on the assessment results of the list ranking method,combined with the results of Pareto analysis,several suggestions are put forward for the risk response of sports safety of secondary school students in Tianjin.First,strengthen the guidance of students,parents and teachers’ sports safety concept,improve teachers’ own safety cognition and rescue ability,strengthen the main responsible leaders’ attention to school sports safety,improve the overall awareness of sports safety;Second,on the basis of standardized construction and equipped with sports venues and equipment,strengthen the routine safety inspection of sports venues and equipment,to eliminate safety hazards in the "cradle";Thirdly,schools can start from changing parents’ concern about sports safety,cooperate with hospitals with education departments as media,form a tripartite collaboration among families,schools and social organizations,establish students’ health records,and ensure the authenticity and timeliness of students’ health records as far as possible.Fourthly,on the basis of implementing the purchase of school liability insurance and guiding parents to purchase accident insurance for students,we will cooperate with specialized insurance companies to explore a new mechanism suitable for sports accident insurance for middle school students in Tianjin. |
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