An Analysis Of Gap In Pensions And Influencing Factors From A Gender Perspective

In China,where the status of women is rising,more and more women are becoming the backbone of China’s economic and social development.Gender equality is also mentioned more and more frequently,and the need to take into account the realities of gender gap when formulating policies is also constantly emphasized.Pension insurance provides the most basic livelihood protection for the elderly after their retirement,and is an indispensable part of improving senior citizens ’s well-being.The establishment and improvement of the pension insurance system is a vivid manifestation of the people-oriented concept,so gender gap should be fully considered.Since women have longer life expectancy and higher health risks,they have higher demand for pensions,but elderly women are often less favored than men in terms of pension benefits,so the pension situation of women is not optimistic.Therefore,it is necessary to examine the gap in pensions from a gender perspective and find out the influencing factors,in order to provide useful reference for pension reform.In addition,it is also of great relevance to focus on older women,the largest group of pensioners.This study uses an empirical sample of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018 to focus on the analysis of gap in pensions and influencing factors from a gender perspective.First,the research background and research significance are elaborated.Second,the relevant concepts and theoretical foundations are comprehensively sorted out to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of this paper.Then,based on the data from CHARLS in 2018,the current situation of gender pension gaps in China is analyzed of the current situation,and the gender gaps in the participation rate and average monthly income level of various types of pensions are explored from three perspectives:the three pillars of pensions,urban and rural areas,and regions.Finally,based on the above analysis,relevant data are extracted and organized from the data of CHARLS in 2018,and dependent variables including whether or not they participate in the pension program,the monthly pension income of urban workers’ basic pension insurance and the monthly pension income of urban and rural residents’ basic pension insurance are selected,independent variables which includes gender,household type,education level,region and number of children are used.What’s more,Probit regression models and OLS regression models are constructed to analyze the effects of each factor on the explanatory variables,and robustness tests were conducted by transforming the regression models and shrinking the tails.The results of this study show that gender gaps in pensions are prevalent in all types of pensions,women in remote areas are more likely to be disadvantaged in pension benefits,and the number of children has a significant negative effect on women’s pension benefits.This paper suggests that the government should improve pension protection for women in remote areas,establish a subsidy mechanism that correlates the number of children with pension receipt,and introduce a gender perspective in the process of promoting successful ageing.