A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of The Effects Of Outdoor Sports On Adolescents' Self-efficac

Research background: adolescence is an individual important period form world outlook and values,self-efficacy to the development of teenagers can play a good role,make it in the face of various challenges and difficulties to their ability to make the correct judgment,and take positive and correct measures,cultivate and improve adolescent self-efficacy,help teenagers correct understanding themselves,development and improve their own personality,promote the development of their mental health.The results of exercise psychology show that physical exercise promotes mental health by improving individual self-efficacy and then improving their mental health.Outdoor sports as an emerging fashion movement,in recent years under the support of the national policy has been booming,previous studies also confirmed that outdoor sports can promote individual self-efficacy,but most of the research about the degree of outdoor sports for self-efficacy intervention and no unified conclusion,and many related studies due to the sample size is too small or experimental design is not rigorous,which makes these studies difficult from the overall effect size or effect by the participant characteristics,outcome measurement and study design variables.Research objective: This study aims to collect published experimental studies on outdoor sports related to self-efficacy in adolescents,and conduct a systematic evaluation of previous studies in this field to further explore the effects of outdoor sports on adolescent self-efficacy,and identify the regulatory factors affecting the relationship between the two.Study methodology: Based compliance following the PRISMA statement guidelines,Using the method of meta-analysis in the systematic evaluation,By searching the Chinese and English electronic resource databases Wanfang(Wan Fang),VIP(VIP),CNKI(CNKI),Embase,Science Direct,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,Web of Science,Medline,Pubmed,Relevant literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria specified by the PICOS principle,And conducted a methodological quality assessment of the included studies through a literature quality evaluation tool,Finally,the extracted data were collected,Quantitative statistical analysis was performed with Revman5.4 and Stata14 software.The main study results are presented as follows:(1)A total of 13 studies were included,with a sample size of 3703 participants.The results showed that compared with the control group,outdoor exercise significantly improved adolescent self-efficacy(SMD = 0.65,95%CI: 0.46,0.84,p=0.000),reaching a moderate effect size.(2)Meta regression analysis was conducted on six potential factors,and the results showed that there were four factors that modulated the effect size,including region,intervention time,participant characteristics and sex ratio.Later,they were divided into several subgroups according to different sources of heterogeneity,Analysis was compared within the respective subgroups,Further reveal the effect of these factors on the effect size,result display,After performing an outdoor exercise intervention,In Asia(SMD = 1.41,95%CI:1.05-1.78,P=0.000)and the non-Asian region(SMD = 0.36,95%CI:0.25-0.46,P=0.000),The improvement effect of adolescent self-efficacy in Asia is more significant;Special population included patients with low self-efficacy,cancer,adolescents with high-risk behaviors,adverse and risk of crime(SMD = 0.8,95%CI:0.57-1.04,P=0.000)as compared to the normal population(SMD = 0.33,95%CI:0.05-0.61,P=0.022)The improvement effect of self-efficacy is more significant;High proportion of male participants(100% male proportion,SMD=1.45,95%CI:0.88-2.03,P=0.000;Male proportion of 50 – 60%,SMD=0.79,95%CI:0.46-1.33,P=0.000)and the lower proportion of male participants(SMD = 0.39,95%CI:0.22-0.56,P=0.000),The higher the proportion of adolescent males,The more significant the improvement effect of its self-efficacy is;Short-term exercise time within 1 week(SMD= 1.12,95%CI:0.54-1.70,P=0.000)relative to a moderate exercise length of 1 to 4weeks(SMD = 0.39,95%CI:0.31-0.46,P=0.000)had a more significant effect on improving adolescent self-efficacy,Although the results of the subgroup analysis showed a long-term exercise time greater than 4 weeks(SMD = 1.19,95%CI:0.28-2.10,P=0.011)also had a more significant promoting effect on adolescents,But given the small number of studies it included,The small sample size,Therefore,this result should be interpreted with caution.Research conclusion:(1)Outdoor sports have a significant promoting effect on teenagers’ self-efficacy.(2)Region,time of intervention,participant characteristics,and male to female sex ratio are the regulating factors of the influence of outdoor exercise on adolescent self-efficacy.Moreover,given the methodological limitations of the included studies themselves,more randomized controlled trials with large sample size and excellent methodological quality are recommended in the future to supplement this study further in order to provide more reliable evidence for clinical practice.