Study On The Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Innovation Efficiency Of High-tech Enterprises And The Influencing Factors

With the rapid rise of the Internet economy,innovation has become the core driving force behind the progress of human society.Innovation is the reorganization of traditional production methods and industrial structures,and the close combination of emerging technologies and traditional industries.Without innovation,a country or a society has no technological progress,cannot gain a sustainable competitive advantage,and loses the opportunity to grow and develop.In addition,innovation efficiency has become a critical factor for the success of every enterprise.Only by optimizing the allocation of resources,implementing sustainable innovation and improving innovation efficiency can we lead that industry and gain more space for development.As the leader and pioneer of innovative enterprises in China,high-tech enterprises play a crucial role,and the level of innovation of this enterprise directly affects whether China can achieve a strong science and technology and innovation country,so it is important to study its innovation efficiency and spatial and temporal evolution.Based on the existing research results,this paper measures the innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises from the perspective of spatio-temporal evolution,analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution process and migration trajectory in recent years,and then proposes countermeasures.Firstly,the Super-SBM model is constructed to measure the static innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises,and analyzed at two levels: overall and regional;the GlobalMalmquist-Luenberger model is constructed to measure the dynamic innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises,and the results are analyzed at three levels: national,regional and provincial.Secondly,we analyze the structural differences of innovation efficiency,test the spatial agglomeration of innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises based on ESDA model,introduce the center of gravity model and coupling model to study the spatio-temporal evolution process and migration trajectory of innovation efficiency,and analyze its spatial dislocation distribution and coupling posture.Finally,the individual fixed spatial Durbin model is used to explore the core factors affecting the innovation efficiency of enterprises,and analyze the local effect and spillover effect of each influencing factor,so as to study its spatial heterogeneity.The study found that(1)in terms of static measurement results,the overall national average value of innovation efficiency is 0.526,which does not reach the effective frontier surface.At the regional level,the innovation efficiency value decreases from east,central,west and northeast regions in order,with unbalanced development among regions.At the provincial level,the top three provinces are Beijing,Guangdong and Shanghai,and the bottom three provinces are Tibet,Ningxia and Yunnan.(2)In terms of dynamic measurement results,the GML index of innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises as a whole shows a fluctuating growth trend with a mean value of 1.072 and an average annual growth rate of 7.2%,with technological changes being the main reason for efficiency improvement.At the regional level,the GML index of the top three regions is greater than 1,and the GML index of the northeast region is less than 1.The GML index of most provinces is greater than 1,and there are great differences among provinces.(3)In terms of spatio-temporal evolution,there is a great migration distance of innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises in recent years,which moves southwestward on the whole,and the distance in the east-west direction is significantly larger than that in the north-south direction,with the largest migration distance of 218.89 km.At the same time,the innovation efficiency shows the spatial characteristics of "high high concentration" and "low low concentration".(4)In terms of spatial coupling,the center of gravity of economy and the center of gravity of innovation efficiency have the same migration trajectory in recent years,and the coupling correlation between them is large and the changes are large.In terms of spatial overlap,the spatial overlap between the center of gravity of innovation efficiency and the center of gravity of economy is larger and the degree of coupling is higher.In terms of consistency of changes,the values of the two show "W" characteristics,with obvious linkage effect.(5)In terms of influencing factors,there is a significant spillover effect of innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises.The local effect of expenditure and industry scale is positive,while the spatial spillover effect is negative;the local effect of fixed asset investment and spatial spillover effect are both positive;the local effect of employee education level and market competition is significant,while the spatial spillover effect is not significant.Finally,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: first,further strengthen the reform of science and technology innovation system;second,improve the independent innovation capacity of enterprises;third,optimize the innovation cooperation mechanism and implement regional difference policy;fourth,construct a good technology innovation environment.