| Facility agricultural land is an important place for agricultural modern production and plays an important role in ensuring agricultural production.Rational allocation of agricultural land for facilities is a key step to promote the orderly progress of agricultural production and economical and intensive use of land resources.State-owned farms are one of the main bodies of agricultural production in China and shoulder the heavy responsibility of China’s grain production.At the same time,it is also accumulating valuable experience for China’s agricultural modernization production.Qixing Farm is a typical state-owned farm with a relatively advanced level of agricultural modernization development under the Sanjiang Administration Bureau of Heilongjiang Reclamation District,which has won the title of "Advanced Collective of National Agricultural and Rural System" and was recognized as "2021Agricultural and Rural Informatization Demonstration Base",and then,by building a smart agriculture demonstration area,it has continuously improved the degree of agricultural intelligence,becoming a new model of the Great Northern Wilderness and the vanguard of China’s modern agricultural development.Agricultural land for farm facilities occupies a certain proportion.How to build a reasonable layout of agricultural land construction for facilities plays an important role in promoting orderly agricultural production.With the support of RS and GIS technology,this paper selects Qixing Farm as the research area,and superimposes the remote sensing image of "Gaofen-1" in 2019 with the third national land survey data as the basic data to extract the agricultural land data of Qixing Farm facilities.Then,based on this data,the current situation and spatial layout of agricultural land for Qixing farm facilities are studied,and then the agricultural land standards for major facilities are summarized according to the overall construction of agricultural land for Qixing farm facilities,and the standards are promoted in other farms and agricultural areas,so as to contribute to promoting the optimal allocation of land resources.The main contents and conclusions of the article are as follows:(1)Analysis of the distribution characteristics of agricultural land for Qixing farm facilities.Qixing Farm has a total of 4408 agricultural land for facilities,covering an area of1822.30hm~2,including 576 seedling sheds,2294 drying yard land and 1538 nursing houses.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the nearest neighbor index of agricultural land of Qixing Farm facilities R=0.552833,and the agricultural land of facilities showed a trend of agglomeration distribution.On the whole,it shows the distribution pattern of eastern Mixi and northern Mixi sparse and northern Mixi sparse.The center of gravity of the agricultural land of facilities is mainly distributed in the 16 th management area of Qixing Farm,and the center of gravity of the three different facilities agricultural land of seedling shed,drying field and nursing house is on the same horizontal line and close to each other,showing a trend from northwest to southeast;Within the 20 management areas of the study area,six management areas have a distribution index of facility agricultural land less than 1,which is at a disadvantage,and the other 14 management areas have a distribution advantage of facility agricultural land.(2)Analysis of agricultural land standards for the main facilities of Seven Star Farm.1)The land for the seedling shed is a type of ancillary facility land built by combining the dual construction body of the farm management area and the farmer.The standard structure of the seedling shed group built in the management area is 60 × 6m,with drainage ditches on both sides,and a 2.5m crossing lane between the two seedling sheds,supported by an iron frame and covered with plastic film to increase the temperature.A standard seedling shed can serve the surrounding 1.8hm~2 paddy field,which is a reasonable ratio when the seedbed area of the seedbed area to the paddy field area is 1.61%-2.11%,and the optimal configuration ratio is achieved when the area ratio between the two is 2%.The structure of the loose shed built by the farmer is the same as that of the standard greenhouse,but the length and width distance are different.The seedling shed should be kept at a distance of 118.3247-138.5763 m from the road during construction.2)The standard coefficient of drying field construction is 1.2-1.5 m~2 drying field land allocated to 1 mu of land,and the area ratio of drying field to cultivated land is between 0.32% and 0.5%.During construction,non-arable land or inferior land should be selected for hardening,and the distance between the two drying fields should be260.8942-279.7485 m within 108.9160-123.0103 m from the road.3)The nursing house is built by the farmer household,and the construction standard of single single floor and area below 40 square meters is strictly observed by the state.The quantitative standards for the construction of nursing homes tend to be consistent with the number of independent production and operation individuals of contracted cultivated land,and are appropriately changed according to the actual situation.When the nursing house is built,the edge of the field should be selected,avoid paddy fields,close to the place between 111.5209-128.8145 m of road surface,and make full use of the settlement during construction.(3)Promotion and optimization of agricultural land standards for major facilities.The main optimization ideas of agricultural land for internal facilities of Qixing Farm are as follows:1)Withdraw and merge the seedling sheds,optimize the area of the seedlings to account for 2%of the paddy field area,and regulate the area of the seedlings in each management area.2)The drying field is optimized by building and dismantling,and supporting warehouses are built to cope with rainy weather.Construction of drying towers to compensate for the lack of demand for drying grounds.3)Demolition of nursing homes that do not meet the construction standards stipulated by the state.The extension of the facility agricultural land standard of Seven Star Farm to other farms should be considered according to the specific situation: 1)In other farms with the same climate type as Seven Star Farm and mainly paddy fields,according to the construction standards of Seven Star Farm’s rice sheds,the specifications of 60×6m are adopted,while the ratio of rice sheds to paddy fields is maintained at 2%.In other farms where dry land is the main one,the construction of seedling sheds should be mainly scattered sheds.2)When building drying fields on large farms,drying towers should be built instead of drying yards.Small farms should build drying yards according to the standard coefficient of Qixing Farm drying field construction,1acre of land corresponds to 1.2-1.5 square meters,and at the same time cooperate with the construction of warehouses.3)Nursing homes are built in strict accordance with national regulations.Farms closer to settlements should appropriately reduce the construction of nursing houses and leave more space for production.In the case of demolition,relocation and merger of settlements near the farm,nursing houses may be built according to the number of business entities of the contracted land,and the number of nursing homes may be appropriately increased according to the actual situation.The agricultural land standard of Seven Star Farm Facilities should have the following promotion plan in agricultural areas: 1)The construction of seedling sheds should be planned according to the ratio of seedbed area to paddy field area of 2% of seedling sheds,and it is reasonable to keep the construction ratio at 1.61%-2.11% according to the actual situation.In villages dominated by dry land,the construction of seedling sheds should be mainly scattered sheds.In villages dominated by paddy fields,contiguous paddy fields should be divided into areas,and village collectives should build seedling sheds.2)The drying yard in the agricultural area should be built by the village collective,select the local vacant land,and build according to the construction coefficient of the drying field of Seven Star Farm,while considering the situation of farmers drying on the road,and build according to the actual situation.3)In agricultural areas where farmers are the main body of production and operation,there is no need to configure special nursing houses.In some agricultural areas where cooperatives and agricultural enterprises are the main production body,when paddy crops are the mainstay,nursing houses need to be built according to the standard of 40 square meters according to the number of cooperatives or enterprises,and when dryland crops are the mainstay,nursing houses do not need to be configured. |
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