| The issue of rural homestead and house waste has grown in importance against the backdrop of accelerated industrialization and urbanization,which not only results in the inefficient use of rural construction land but also makes it challenging to realize the value of rural land resource assets.The traditional family pension model has been eroding over time as a huge number of young workers have moved from rural to urban areas,contributing to an increasingly problematic rural aging and empty nest phenomenon.However,the air noise pollution in urban areas is serious,the high rent of houses and the scarcity of construction land resources make the cost of institutional pension higher and bed shortage,and some urban elderly people also hope to come to the countryside to enjoy the beautiful natural environment and simple customs.The Party Central Committee’s 2018 proposal for a rural revitalization strategy offers fresh opportunities for rural development,and the ongoing improvement of rural public service facilities creates favorable external conditions for the use of rural homesteads and houses to support the elderly.Under this circumstance,professional elderly care services and high-quality pension resources are embedded in the elderly group,and rural embedded elderly care with idle homesteads and houses as the carrier and market-oriented mechanism operation came into being.The use of rural embedded pension to revitalize idle homesteads and houses is the combination of solving the two social contradictions of pension and rural hollowing.So,how do integrated retirement programs rejuvenate vacant farms? How successful has the revitalization been?It is a critical theoretical and practical issue that requires immediate resolution.The research in this paper is based on the basic concept of "revitalization path-development obstacleoptimization strategy" and is conducted in the typical village of Shanghai,the first city in China to experience an aging population and the one with the highest proportion of senior citizens.The following are the study’s main findings:(1)This study extends the subject-object theory,creates a subject,behavior,object,and effect relationship diagram in the subject-object theory,puts it through a mechanism analysis,breaks down the rural embedded pension operation framework into embedded subject,embedded object,embedded behavior,and embedded effect,and breaks down the operation framework of rural embedded pension revitalization idle homesteads and houses into revitalization subject,revitalization object,revitalization behavior,and revitalization effect.The "revitalization of the subject" acts on the "revitalization of the object" through "revitalization behavior," and the qualities of the revitalized object themselves will act on the "revitalization of the subject," promoting or restricting the subject’s behavior.These two interact to produce the "revitalization effect," or the revitalization and utilization of vacant homesteads and houses.(2)The revitalization paths of the three cases were analyzed and the revitalization types were summarized.(1)Revitalization subjects include embedded subjects,embedded objects and participants,and different types of revitalized subjects are different.For example,the embedded subject of Yanjing Happy Elderly Village is a non-profit social organization,and the embedded object is mainly the rural elderly;The embedded subjects of Xujing Elderly Care Home are the government and enterprises,and the embedded objects include the rural elderly and the urban elderly;The main body of the embedding of the Heolai Le Health Care Community in Zhujing Village is the enterprise,and the embedded object is mainly the urban elderly.The main participants of the three are farmers,village collectives,idle labor,and there are also fixed volunteers in Yanjing Happy Elderly Village.(2)Revitalized objects are vacant homesteads and houses,including internal features and external village features.In terms of internal characteristics,including the floor of the house,the building area,the age of completion,the characteristics of vacancy,and the confirmation of the right to the homestead.In terms of the characteristics of the external villages,through the communication with the person in charge and the analysis of the actual situation of the village,the reasons for the embedded pension of different case villages were summarized in the village.(3)Revitalization includes the circulation of vacant homesteads and house use rights and changes in the structure of use.In the process of transferring the right to use the homestead and the house,the transferees of Yanjing Happy Old Man Village are the villagers of the village,using the human relations mechanism of the acquaintance society;The transferees of the Xujing Elderly Care Home are village-run enterprises with the guarantee of the reputable society of the village committee;The transferees of the Laile Wellness Community are enterprises,which have held six project promotion meetings through close contact with the village committee.In terms of the change of homestead and housing utilization structure,Yanjing Happy Elderly Village and Xujing Elderly Care Home are divided into six functional areas: living and living area,recreational activity area,meal and bath area,rehabilitation sports area,medical care area and service reception area.(4)Revitalization results,including social,economic and ecological benefits.The social benefits are summarized from the perspective of embedded objects and participants,and the three have their own advantages in providing social benefits to different subjects;The economic benefits are summarized from the perspective of embedded subjects,embedded objects and participating subjects,and in terms of economic benefits per unit area,Xujing Village Elderly Care Home > Yanjing Happy Elderly Village > Happy Elderly Village;Ecological benefits are mainly for farmers and villages,including the green plant coverage rate of the homestead,the cleanliness of the homestead before and after the house,and the improvement of the living environment of the village.(5)According to the analysis of the revitalization paths of different cases,the revitalization types of the three typical cases were summarized as non-profit organization embedding-indigenous residential care type,government procurement service-urban and rural integration type,and enterprise embedded-pastoral health care type.(3)Through in-depth interviews with different types of embedded subjects,we summarize different types of development barriers from three perspectives of people-landmoney;through satisfaction evaluation of the elderly people who moved in,we use IPA analysis to summarize the development barriers of revitalizing idle house bases and houses for rural embedded retirement;we investigate the willingness of farmers in different villages to transfer idle house bases and houses to develop embedded retirement and summarize the barriers The obstacles to the development of embedded pension revitalization of unused house bases and houses from the village collective perspective were analyzed by conducting semi-structured interviews with the village cadres of the village.(4)The study shows that in order to improve the rural embedded pension and revitalize idle homesteads and houses,it is necessary to formulate common strategies at the macro level: promote the "three rights of the house bases" to realize the return of rights and empowerment,and promote the industrial landing to revitalize the idle house bases;improve the policies related to the use of house bases and houses as elderly service facilities;and improve the construction of the elderly service system for embedded elderly in rural areas.Develop sub-strategies at the medium and micro levels:(1)For non-profit social organizations embedded-indigenous living and raising type: improve the resource integration ability and self-blood generating ability of social organizations as the main body of revitalization;improve the infrastructure construction of traditional rural farming areas to provide good external conditions for the revitalization of residential bases;promote the centralized living in traditional rural farming areas.(2)For government purchase servicesmedical and health care combination type: broaden the multiple channels to raise the initial investment funds;embed subjects should carry out planning and design before the construction and transformation of house bases and houses;solve the problem of house bases and houses transfer through multiple channels;explore the "pension +" business mode to improve the sustainability of embedded pension revitalization of idle house bases and houses.(3)For the enterprise embedded-field recreation type: the enterprise should strengthen the publicity and enhance the brand influence;the government should improve the synergy of other rural land policies;the enterprise should work closely with the village collective to promote the revitalization of idle house bases and houses in the whole village and realize the regional linkage development;the recreation industry should deeply integrate with the cultural tourism industry and focus on the industry to feed the rural areas at the same time. |
