Epidemiological Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Hypertension In Mongolian Population In Inner Mongolia

Objects: By investigating the prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension in Mongolia were comprehend,and the related influencing factors were discussed,so as to provide basis for the development of Mongolian hypertension management strategy.Methods: From August 2018 to August 2020,a multi-stage cluster sampling method was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian in Jarud Banner of Tongliao City,Xilinhot City,Zhenglan Banner,Dongwu Banner of Xilingol League,and Yuquan District and Saihan District of Hohhot City.A total of 2525 participants were surveyed.General demographic information,personal behavior history and dietary status of participants were collected.Physical examinations and biochemical blood tests were performed on the participants.Physical examination included height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Blood biochemical tests included plasma fasting glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid.IBM SPSS25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Student’s t-test,ANOVA or rank-sum test were used for measurement data,and chi-square test was used for counting data.Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results:(1)A total of 2426 people were enrolled,including 481(19.83%)in urban areas,406(16.74%)in agricultural areas,630(25.97%)in pastoral areas,and 909(37.47%)in semi-agricultural/semi-pastoral areas.There were 935(38.54%)males and 1491(61.46%)females.The average age of the surveyed population was(50.68±14.00)years old.(2)The prevalence of hypertension was 44.77%(standardized rate: 35.50%).The prevalence of prehypertension was 32.03%(standardized rate: 34.99%).The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 50.91% and 35.40% in males,and 40.91%and 29.91% in females,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and BMI(P<0.05).The prevalence of hypertension was the highest in pastoral areas(P<0.05),which was 49.68%.The prevalence of prehypertension was highest in urban areas(P<0.05),which was 34.93%.(3)The awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension were 66.48%,58.93%and 16.48%,respectively.The awareness and control rates of hypertension in male were lower than that in female(male: 63.03%,11.55%;female: 69.18%,20.33%;P=0.047,P=0.026,respectively).The treatment rate of hypertension in male was lower than that in female(54.41%,62.46%),and the difference was not statistically significant.(4)The rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity were 34.30%,30.67% and58.08%,respectively.The rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity in urban areas were 32.85%,22.66% and 44.28%,respectively;in agricultural areas were37.19%,18.97% and 60.34%,respectively;in pastoral areas were 34.29%,38.10% and67.46%,respectively;in semi-agricultural/semi-pastoral areas were 33.77%,34.98%and 57.87%,respectively.(5)Age above 34,male,overweight,obesity,central obesity,unemployed,family history of hypertension,dyslipidemia,hyperuricemia and excessive alcohol consumption were risk factors for hypertension in Mongolian adults(P<0.05).Living in rural areas and high intensity of exercise were protective factors for hypertension(P<0.05).The risk factors of hypertension in urban Mongolian adult population was age above 44 and central obesity(P<0.05).Age above 54,male,overweight,obesity and unemployed(P<0.05)were the risk factors for hypertension in Mongolian population in rural areas.In pastoral areas,age above 44,overweight,obesity,family history of hypertension,dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were risk factors for hypertension in Mongolian population(P<0.05).The risk factors of hypertension in Mongolian population in semi-agricultural/semi-pastoral areas were age above 34,male,obesity,family history of hypertension and dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults in Inner Mongolia autonomous Region was higher than the national level.The prevalence of prehypertension and the awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension were close to the national level.The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in males was higher than that in females.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and BMI.The prevalence of hypertension,obesity and central obesity were higher in pastoral areas,and the overweight rate was the highest in agricultural areas.The risk factors for hypertension were age above 34,male,overweight,obesity,central obesity,unemployed,family history of hypertension,dyslipidemia,hyperuricemia,and excessive alcohol consumption.Living in rural areas and high intensity of exercise were protective factors for hypertension.