A Study On The Relationship Between Miao Language And Miao And Han

The studying of Hmong-Mien Languages is weaker comparing to the studying of Tibeto-Berman and Kam-Tai languages,and the researching of the relationship of Hmong-Mien and Chinese is even more rare.Some relative studying did not pay close attention of Chinese loan words in Hmong-Mien but aim to look for cognate words of two language,which lead to the difficults to determine the belonging of Hmong-Mien because this method can’t exclude Chinese loan words which can also contribute to solve the problem of Chinese history and Hmong-Mien history. In this regard, in this article we dig into Hmong-Yanghao’s Chinese loanwords, analyze their different pronunciation which comes from the same phonological category,divide them into different historical strata,and discuss language problems about Hmong and Chinese which the loanwords shows.On this basis,we then study Hmong-Mien or Hmong corresponding lexical items.We try to discriminate which words were borrowed from Chinese according Chinese loanwords’feature in Hmong-Yanghao,which words are Sino-Hmong relative words which sounds and meanings can correspond.This article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, discussing the researching background, purpose, the predecessors’ research, and the method of dividing Chinese loanwords into different levels,the principle of of determining relatives, etc. Focuses on how to divide levels of Chinese loanwords method. On the base of learning from predecessors’ research,we discuss how to realize loanwords,how to divide levelsjudging pronunciation at the borrowing time,how to judge the time of different levels.Chapter2provides Hmong restruction,Hmong-Mien restruction,Yanghao phonology,Kaijue phonology,Old Chinese phonology,Middle Chinese phonology and Kaili dialect phonology,focus on comparing Wang Fushi’s Hmong restruction and Ratliff’s resturction.Hmong Kaijue was investigated by myself,so we list out its old source of initials and finals which we contrast with Hmong Yanghao,Dananshan and Layiping.The third chapter summarizes Yanghao’s modern Chinese loanwords’s character.The fourth chapter is the core of this article.We discuss charecters of ancient loanwords’s initials, finals and tones. For the tone,Yanghao’s8tones correspond with Middle Chinese8tones which we think because at the time of Middle ages of Chinese,Chinese and Hmong both had4tones, Hmong borrowed words from Chinese according to tone values and then the4tones divided into8tones in accordance of voiced and coiceless initials.About the initials,the same old sources of ancient Chinese loanwords,can be divided into different reading types which result from different borrowing time or sound change of Hmong.These provide rich sound historical information.About the finals,it is more complicated then the initials,but can also be divided into different levels as initials.Base on chapter4,Chapter5analysis682words in Wang Fushi’s miaoyu guyin gdunl,and identify which words are loanwords,which words are relative words.Then we preliminarily compare body words of Hmong language and its surrounding lang-ages such as Chinese,Mon-khmer,Kam-tai,Tibeto-Berman.We hope it can provides some information to the discussing of Hmong-Mien relationship with other languages.Chapter6is the conclusion of this dissertation.