A Study On Medical Vocabulary Of "Thirteen Annotations"

Thirteen Classics, the thirteen Confucian classics, are Book of Change (I-Ching), Book of Songs, Book of History (Shang), Rites of Zhou, Zuo Zhuan, Gongyang Zhuan, Gu Liang Zhuan, The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya, The Classic of Fillal Piety and Mencius. From pre-Qin period to Ming Dynasty when Li Yuanyang carved Thirteen Classics Annotated, Thirteen Classics then officially received the name and is still in use. As Thirteen Classics worked its way up through feudal society, voluminous research works came out. Mainly concerning Confucian Classics studies, it involved in rhyme, philology, noun hermeneutic, etc, while there was few exelusive study of medical vocabulary of Thirteen Classics Annotated. The annotation for Thirteen Classics through the whole feudal society added tremendous philology value and historiography value to it. As an important component of Thirteen Classics Annotated, large ancient medical vocabulary remained in the ancient work and played an important role in the philology and historiography. The annotation in Song Dynasty retained abundant medical corpus and theories from ancient to medieval world, which helped go deeper in an evolution history of the medical vocabulary. While the meaningful and valuable medical connotation then urged necessary and further research.Firstly, literature review of this paper outlined the general research of previous dynasties on Thirteen Classics and its annotation, introduced the writing process of Thirteen Classics Annotated and representative works of previous time. With a sketch of academic history of Thirteen Classics Annotated, it depicted the macro research background on the medical vocabulary in the book. Owing to its noun identity of most medical vocabulary and a small part of phrase, the paper then discussed a lot about the vocabulary research and noun hermeneutic research. Lastly, it introduced the research background and current status based on current research achievements on the vocabulary of Chinese medicine. Also Introduction briefed about the version applied to this paper, research purpose and significance, theoretical basis and methodology, innovation and expected results.Chapter 1 and Chapter 3 of this paper focused on three kinds of vocabulary:diseases, Chinese herbs and human body, which constituted the core and main part of the research. There were 670 disease words with 14 categories mainly in Internal Medicine, Surgery, Gynecology, Ophthalmology, E.N.T (Otorhinolaryngolocal), Orthopedics and etc, among which also contained things of domestic animals; there are 368 kinds of herbs with 432 words, mainly categorized in herb, wood, insects, fish, birds, animals, domestic animals, mines and other 9 categories, among which herb with 213 words occupied the major part. And there are 256 words with 11 kinds of human body including up and down of body, internal and external parts of body, tissue and organs and secretion, which can be classified by trunk, limbs, viscera, physique, blood, fat, hair, head-ornament, skin and muscle, physical outcome and others. The specific research on those three categories processed as followed:it firstly picked out a typical word or a typical kind from medical vocabulary gathered, collected the exegetic materials related; then identified the diachronic and synchronic features of the words after comparing and examining the data from Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Guang Yun, The Great Chinese Dictionary and data mentioned in medical books and medical dictionary; it interpreted afterwards their medical connotation based on the current academic achievements.Chapter 4 came to a conclusion of the medical vocabulary of Thirteen Classics Annotated in terms of exegetic features and values. The exegetic features covered the conservation and categorization of the ancient medical vocabulary, acoustic exegesis and derivation, noun hermeneutic research. While the exegetic values fell in three parts:radical reformation and rectification of the later defects, values in exegetics and philology of medicine canon, significance in medical lexicography and in medical lexicon compiling, and significance in exegetic history for the medical vocabulary and medical history writing.This paper exhaustively collected and collated vocabulary of disease, body and herb. It for the first time studied and concluded the medical vocabulary and tried hard to investigate thoroughly the interpreted medical vocabulary. Since there was still large margin for research on evolving history of vocabulary concept and entity in Thirteen Classics Annotated, this paper attempted to interpret critically and precisely, discriminate and analyze origins of many medical words by introducing lexicon, modern linguistics and other scientific methodology with the help of exegetics and traditional Chinese medicine. It also was the first time for it to discuss briefly and comprehensively about the medical vocabulary and its exegetic historical values. As to the previous exegetics achievements, this paper proposed its own query, updated the error and the missed with detailed and convincible proof and brought about more scientific conclusions, highlighting its own significance of the paper truly.Originated from ancient classics and the relevant exegetic literature, noun hermeneutic research data, the medical vocabulary appeared in Thirteen Classics Annotated was professionally categorized in Chinese medicine. Access to background of Chinese medicine (knowledge of western medicine as well) could hereto help understand vocabulary facts and rectify the faults of exegetics and noun hermeneutic. Since the faults thrived along with the medical exegesis and research prospering, it required traditional exegetics methodology and data revision, inspection and interpretation to work in parallel. Besides research on medical vocabulary provided intercourse channels of Chinese philosophy, Chinese medicine, agronomy, linguistics, philology, biology, anatomy and other subjects. Though adopting clinical data of previous time and various achievements of other subjects into it, this research was fundamentally belonging to Chinese medicine exegetics. It begun with the medical words, explored their origins, discussed about semantics, deduced the linguistic rules, refined and concluded the vocabulary system and the root of Chinese medicine. It also studied the medical vocabulary in Thirteen Classics Annotated, differentiated and proved, categorized and related, summarized the origins and the evolutions, analyzed the naming reasons, sorted out the original sources, and concluded the exegetic features and values. With the hope that all these exploration could be a help for the research and reorganization of Chinese medical vocabulary, construction of medical lexicon history, and provide literature data and theoretic reference for compiling the medical vocabulary dictionary, this paper also dedicated to offer primary corpus and the basic thinking for a more comprehensive and impeccable Chinese medicine history.This paper is an essential part for Noun Hermeneutic Research on the Chinese medicine (11BYY068), a National Social Science Foundation Project.