Research On The Countermeasures Of Developing And Perfecting New Village-level Collective Economic Organisations In China

The Work Report to the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee points out that China will keep to the policy of rural collective land ownership, maintain farmers’ land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and develop the collective economy in the rural parts. In China, the current rural collective economy falls into two types: one is the traditional village-level collective economy based on the household contract responsibility system; the other is new village-level collective economy. Moreover, how the new village-level collective economy develops relates directly to not only the stability of the rural grass-roots governments and their governing effect but also the new socialist countryside construction,the development of agricultural modernization, and thorough solutions to the problems concerning countryside, agriculture and farmers.New village-level collective economic organizations are formed by some of the traditional collective economic organizations(a small number of them are the former “people’s communes”), which are based on the household contract responsibility system since the reform and opening up of China, and by some new kinds of farmers’ professional cooperatives which appear in recent years. New village-level collective economy refers to a form of socialist public ownership of the farmers who share the means of production(land, capital, etc.) in the domain of the administrative villages. It is a grass-root level economic organization, which is organized in accordance with the principle of the farmers’ voluntary participation and mutual benefits and operated by a cooperative model(labor cooperation, capital cooperation, professional cooperation, technical cooperation, etc. in production and management), and where distribution is determined according to their performance and the productive factors.It is commonly believed that the basic function of new-level collective economic organizations is to collect scattered rural funds widely, to alleviate the employment pressure, to increase villagers’ income and to provide public wealth and national revenue.Village-level collective economy has been playing an important role in China’s countryside; however, with the establishment of the market economy system and the emergence of non-public economy after the 1990 s, village-level collective economy as a whole is weakening. In recent years, especially since the economic strength of some of the village-level collective organizations is not strong, the problem of “shell village” becomes more obvious. A series of problems difficult to avoid emerge: it is difficult for the grass-roots organizations to operate; it is hard to set up programs for public benefits, to solve village high debt problems and to fulfill security etc. Although some of the new village-level collective economic organizations have appeared in China recent years, the number and size are still small; that is, problems are still very serious and the overall situation is not optimistic.In a sense, developing new types of village-level collective economy is not only an economic matter, but also a political issue. Therefore, further study of developing and improving new village-level collective economy is not only necessary, but also urgent.Guided by the Marxism theory, the author uses the principles of such disciplines as economics, sociology and policy science to analyze China’s new village-level collective economy development and finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. For the logical structure of this paper, there are five chapters.The first chapter relates to the theoretical basis and the significance of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy. Specifically, it first expounds the concept and characteristics of the new type of village-level collective economy. Secondly, it analyzes the theoretical basis and practical basis of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy and finally, it discusses the significance of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy.The second chapter deals with the organization foundation, present situation and restricting factors of China’s new collective economy development. This chapter includes three parts: the foundation of China’s new village-level collective economy development, the formation and present situation of the new village-level collective economy and the present restricting factors to China’s new collective economy development.The third chapter analyzes the favorable conditions and typical cases of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy. It has two parts: the favorable conditions of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy and the typical cases of developing the new village-level collective economy.The fourth chapter reviews the main experience of the development of rural economic cooperation organizations abroad and its enlightenment to China’s economy. This chapter includes two parts: the main experience of development of rural economic cooperation organizations abroad and its enlightenment to China’s economy.The fifth chapter offers some countermeasures and suggestions for developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy. It analyses the general principles of developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy and then come up with the specific countermeasures and suggestions for developing and perfecting China’s new village-level collective economy.