Research On Coordination Development Between Urbanization And New Rural Construction Based On The Perspective Of The Evolution Of Villages

Urbanization and new rural construction are facing a lot of problems since being put up as two of China’s main strategic objectives. It is essential to consider the combination of both of the two aspects. Lessons should be learned from new rural construction. New paths should be explored to achieve urbanization. The relationship between urbanization and new rural construction should be clarified in order to find new breakthroughs in promoting coordinated development between urbanization and new rural construction. Current study about urbanization and new rural construction is always focused on the macro level and lacks of microeconomic theory. The conclusions therefore usually lack of application and relevance. To address this issue, this paper carried out a comprehensive study,taking villages as a perspective, under the guidance of reductionism.In the paper, concepts such as urbanization, new rural and urban-rural integration, were defined, and theories were analyzed such as the rational smallholders hypothesis, division of labor, and spatial analysis theory. From a village evolution perspective, the relationship between urbanization and new rural construction was analyzed by questionnaires, grounded theory, statistical analysis and econometric analysis. This paper systematically explains the evolution of villages, competition and collaborative relationships, and other influencing factors of urbanization and new rural construction. On the basis of the main role analysis of village economic organizations, mechanisms and countermeasures for coordinated development between urbanization and new rural construction were put up. Conclusions were as follows:First, under the combined effect of urbanization and new rural construction, villages as traditional settlements had evolved. Some villages turned into empty villages with a large number of rural labors flowing into urban areas. Some villages expanded into new rural communities. Urban space evolved some new forms, such as development zones, industrial parks, university-city, cultural and creative industry parks. Some major contradictions have changed from spatial competition within cities to competition between city and rural.Second, between urbanization and new rural construction there exists both competition and collaboration. Competition is mainly concentrated in land imploded, reduction of arable land, a grim food security situation, loss of rural youth labor, increasing of aging and hollow villages, slow process of migrant and a poor funding situation. Collaboration was mainly reflected as follows:Urbanization led to new rural construction because of surplus labor, market demand and intensive land use. New rural construction was the foundation of accelerating the urbanization process. With the transformation of traditional agriculture to modem agriculture, yields, agricultural production capacity and labor productivity in agriculture had been significantly improved. The release of more labor provided abundant labor resources for urban development. Village renovation could provide more land space for urban development.Third, from analysis on factors of farmers exiting from arable land, there was a positive correlation between the age of farmers engaged in agriculture and land transfer. The difference proportion of land circulation on different educational level-headed households was small. The number of migrant workers reflected the capacity of farmers to get rid of land-bound and level of non-agricultural income. With the increase of the operating area, farmers didn’t want to leased land. The further the distance between country and town, the higher the proportion of Land Transfer. The closer the distance between country and town, the lower the proportion of Land Transfer.Fourth, the position of village economic organization in urbanization and new rural construction had become dominant. Village economic organization was the key to crack "Who is engaged in agricultural production" during urbanization. Nurturing new farmers in new rural construction need to improve their level of organization. Village economic organizations could promote the urbanization process during the land transfer process and lead farmers to new rural construction.Finally, to achieve coordinated development between urbanization and new rural construction, we should complete it in two paths. One path is to establish the overall framework of coordinated development of urbanization and new rural construction, and the other path is to distinguish different types of village, and determine their strategic priorities regarding urbanization and new rural construction. The village that has a good location advantage, and good development, should take rural community development, collective economic transformation, and into urban residents of migrant workers, as a development strategy focus. On the other hand, the village that has a bad location advantage, and net outflow of population, should take modern agriculture as the basic direction of future. We also should pay attention to nurturing village economic organizations, promoting industrial upgrading of villages, and develop the private economy. If it’s necessary to merge villages, we should respect the wishes of farmers, strengthening the vocational education and training of farmers and promote the transfer of rural labor. For special features reserved for certain villages, such as historic and cultural villages, we should focus on protection, but not build these villages in one style.