Research On Urban Residents’ Willingness To Pay For Forest Eco-Service In Northeast Key State-ownedforest Region

The northeastern key state-owned forest areas have important strategic significance of guaranteeing the ecological safety of China and even northeast Asia. Due to years of over-exploitation, its eco-service function has dramatically weakened. In order to restore the eco-service function in the area as soon as possible, we need implement the ecological compensation for the area. The ways of the forest ecological compensation include the government compensation, market-oriented compensation and voluntary compensation. Because the forest eco-service belongs to the category of public service, so nowadays, the government compensation is dominant, the market-oriented compensation and voluntary compensation are complementary. Gradually changing from cost compensation to value compensation of the forest ecological compensation valuation method, it is in need of evaluating the value of forest eco-service. In the perspective of ecology, assessment of forest eco-service value is huge. However, the value is difficult to achieve. With the improvement of living standards of urban residents, the demand of eco-service is growing. In the condition of government compensation of insufficient funds and market compensation difficult to carry out, voluntary compensation of urban residents is possible. The voluntary compensation ability of urban residents is closely related to the residents’ willingness to pay, while the residents’ willingness were affected by economy and society factors of their areas. Therefore, it is necessary for government departments to comprehensive analyze the residents’ willingness and assess the ability to pay, it will be conducive to formulate reasonable policies for residents. Meanwhile, Urban residents’ voluntary compensation for forest eco-services is also a supplement to the way of realizing the value of forest eco-services.On the basis of defining the relatedconcepts of forest eco-service and willingness to pay, the paper reviews the forest ecological location theory, the public service market theory, the behavioral economics theory and the theory of forest eco-service, and expounds the role of these theories in this paper.By analyzing the status quo of the key state-owned forest region in wooded area, structure of stand age, structure of tree species and forest ecological niches, it found that the growing stock of middle and young aged stand is less than one-third of the total growing stock in forest region of Jilin Forest Industry Group and the forest status is better than the key state-owned forest region in Heilongjiang province, and foundthat forest resource quality decreased obviously in Daxing’ anling forest region. One-way analysis of variance shows that there are significant differences between the growing stock per unit area with the region and the stand.The paper expounds the evaluation process of forest ecological value of assets in the perspective ofecology, comparison of ecological niches, importance measure of ecological niches and value implementation, and the perspective of value implementation is the core research contents. The degree of voluntary compensation of forest eco-service is influenced by the willingness to pay of urban residents in the forest religion, so it is necessary to use the game theory to construct the game model between the operators and the beneficiaries of the state-owned forest area. The better the forest ecological environment is, the stronger the willingness to pay of forest eco-service beneficiaries. So using Contingent Valuation Method (referred to as the CVM) to make a questionnaire survey to investigate residents Willingness To Pay of the key state-owned forest religionin northeast China (referred to as WTP),where in Heilongjiang province (Haerbin, Qiqihaer Mudanjiang, Jiamusi Heihe,et), Jilin province (Jilin, Jian, etc) and Liaoning province (Shenyang) et. The questionnaires design includes directly benefit area (Heilongjiang province and Jilin province) and not directly benefit area (Liaoning province), because residents payment preferences of Shenyang is different from other city’s. As Shenyang is not directly benefit area of the northeast state-owned forest areas, its willingness to pay (WTP) is different from the directly benefit area,so the public analyzes payment preferences for forest ecological assets by the survey data in Shenyang, and the questionnaire design and directly benefit areas are also differ. The paper makes the analysis of survey data of Shenyang residents by using software SPSS21.0, includesdescriptive statistical analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Using SAS9.0 statistic analysis software to select the influence factors of payment preference and make correlation analysis of these factors and the payment preference. On the basis, use logistic regressive analysis to build the payment preference model.By the principal component analysis, it gets three dimensions (latent variables) of attention, importance and satisfaction, using statistical indicators to show that the scale has good internal consistency and differentiation, using structural equation model to make the analysis of first-order confirmatory factor and second-order confirmatory factor on twenty-one urban residents survey data, this can better define the relationship among the latent variables of affecting the value realization of willingness to pay of forest eco-service. Since the urbanResidents’ willingness to pay for forest eco-service is also influenced by the social environment where the public live in and the local economic level. So utilize hierarchical linear mode (HLM) to predict the ability to payfor forest eco-service. While substitute the average macro variables in accordance with three types (the large, medium, small) and individual variable into the hierarchical linear model equation, respectively, then, obtain the Multilevel LinearStatistical Models about the urban residents’ability to pay in large, medium and small cities.Forest eco-service operations and management has its own unique, so the forest eco-service market has not formed. In order to improve the environmental service function of forest eco-service, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of urban residents’ participation, and improve the payment level of urban residents to the forest eco-service by the corresponding institutional arrangement and development information platform. This paper only focuses on the willingness of residents in the northeast cities, so certain regional exists, and pending further research in more urban areas.