On The Sino-Soviet Debate And Ideological And Political Education Of The Communist Party Of China

The Sino-Soviet Debate (1956-1966) was an important event taking place in the international communist movement in the20th century. The difference of ideology, the disparities of domestic and foreign policies and the conflict of the national interest led to this debate between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The two parties mainly debated on two issues, to be specific, what is the Marxism and how to treat it, and what is the socialist and how to build it. And this debate initiated the thinking and practising upon China's socialist development path in the Communist Party of China. In the meantime, it deeply influenced the development of ideological and political education which worked to and was placed in the service of the central work of the party.The Communist Party of China started the exploration on ideological and political education by evaluating Stalin, changing the working thoughts from replanting the Soviet model to using the Soviet Union as a mirror. The ideological and political education had strengthened its position in the party's construction. The unity-criticsm-unity policy for education was applied to the methods of the ideological and political education. The party's fine traditon of democratic style and valueing the investigation and research were able to carry forward. The review of the Poland and Hungary Incidents caused the rethinking on the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. And it started a new evaluation of Stalin and the the soviet model. The Communist Party of China lauched the Anti-Rightist Struggles, Three Red Flags, the Anti-Right Deviation Movement and the Educational Revolution, trying to defend tenaciously the soviet model and surpass it. Then, the Party mistakenly extended the class struggle, suffering a setback in ideological and political education. In the1960s, the Sino-Soviet debate became increasingly fierce. The Soviet Union and China got stuck into a distent confrontation from ideology to state relations. The fights between control and anti-control turned increasingly heated. To withstand the intense pressure from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China unfolded the Workers, Peasants and Soliders Learning Philosophy Movement in ideological and political education to upgrade China's international status in the theory, fostered the self-reliant typical to independently construct China, advocated democratic style of thinking to work in unity to go tide over the difficulties, and cultivated millions of successors for proletarian revolutionary career to make sure that the genuine Marxists were always in charge of the leadership. A revival of the ideological and political education emerged in some sense. However, with the outbreak of the Sino-Soviet polemics and a complete breakdown of bilateral relations, the CPC's ideological and political education suffered huge setbacks. The "Opposing and Preventing Revisionism" thought developed into the-theory of continued revolution in the condition of proletarian dictatorship, and the guideline of ideological and political education went wrong. The leadership was winned by taking down the capitalist-roared in power, which wrecked the team for ideological and political education. And it wasted resourses for ideological and political education to consolidate the literature and art circles that are on the verge of revisionism and the overall ideological spheres. Reflecting upon the history, we can take a mass of lessons from the failures of developing strategies of the ideological and political education. We must properly adhere to and treat the Marxist theories, rightly distinguish and deal with two different kinds of contractions, correctly understand and grasp the law of development of ideology, and accurately comprehend and implement the ideological line of seeking truth from facts.