Review And Analysis Of Sino-Soviet Debate

From 1956 to 1966, the Sino-Soviet debate lasted for ten years due to the divergences between CPC and Soviet Communist Party in ideology, inward and outward policies and the national interests. It has an important historic influence in the history of the international communist movement and the history of the international relationship. This thesis mainly reviews and analyzes the process, the reasons, the contents, the essence, the historic influence, and the experiences and lessons of the debate. The main contents are following,In the first part, we review the process of the debate from the beginning to the end and analyze the characteristics of each stage. We think the debate includes four stages. The first stage started on the 20th National Congress of Soviet Communist Party in February 1956, and ended in Apr. 1960, when CPC issued "Long Live the Leninism". At that time, the divergences between the two parties came into being and expanded. At the same time, the inward debate in respective party was undertaken. The second stage was from the Bucharest Conference in June 1960 to the issue of "Announcement on American Communist Party" in March 1963, That was a stage without naming each other. The third stage was from the proposition of the general guideline of the international communist movement by Soviet Communist Party in March 1963 to the step-down of Khrushchev in October 1964. That was a stage in which the two parties debated with naming each other openly and the main articles on the debate were issued. From the step-down of Khrushchev in October 1964 to the 23rd National Congress of Soviet Communist Party in March 1966 was the fourth stage. In this stage, the relationship between the two parties was broken thoroughly, and then the relationship was halted.In the second part, we illustrate and analyze the main reasons of the debate. Under the international background in the last half of 20th century, we think that the debate was the result that several main reasons interacted altogether. According to the whole process of the debate, we think that the main thread was the divergence in ideology. The divergence in ideology was either one of the reasons or the results of the debate; the fight between control and anti-control was very harmful at the beginning of the debate, and was even the mainreason resulting in the open debate at the late stage; the difference and conflict in foreign strategy deteriorated the relationship between the two parties; and the difference in the route of socialist construction and in the personal characteristics of the leaders was also one of the main causes of the debate. This thesis will discuss the four reasons above-mentioned.In the third part, we comment the right and wrong of the two parties in theory. According to the main viewpoints raised by the two parties at that time, this thesis analyzes and evaluates the following issues: Stalinism; epoch, war and peace; peaceful coexistence, peaceful competition and peaceful transition; "civil nation" and "civil party"; and revisionism. As a whole, the viewpoints of both parties were right partly, and none of them were completely right.In the fourth part, we illustrate the essence of the debate from three aspects. We point out that the continuous debate between the two parties and the cleavage of the international communist movement proves that the old pattern of the international communist movement was no longer suitable for the new international situation. At the same time, the debate mainly lay in the ideology that includes two questions: one was how to treat and solve the difference; another was the right and wrong of the difference. For the former question, the Soviet Communist Party put forward the opinion of the general party and the general nationalism that seriously hurt the national self-esteem of China and aroused the debate. For the latter question, none of the both sides were completely correct. So we can understand the debate in the following three aspects: as far as the whole process of the international communist...