A Research On The Developing Model Of Rural Urbanization In Northwest China

Since the existence of special dual scio-economic structure and complicatedrural background in China, urbanization is appeared to be industry agglomeration andpopulation change as well the forming of small towns and developing gatheringurbanization. The former is central on extended urbanization and industryagglomeration in rural district, both of which are appeared by urban district economyand population gathering. The latter is rural urbanization. As a special form in China, rural urbanization has importance to promote socialeconomy to full development and to the thoroughgoing settlement of problems causedby "Agriculture, Farmers and Countryside". In the special geographical environmentbackground of Northwest China, the rural urbanization also has special meaning onexploring the characteristic superior resources in northwest, developing localeconomy, promoting society to stability and lightening the pressure of ecologicalenvironment. The researches on urbanization abroad are centralized on urban-rural migrationof manpower, industry agglomeration and micro-economical analysis on its spatialprocess. However, the domestic studies are concentrated on the macro-policies abouturbanization carried out for the development of economy and society in China, sincethe policy of opening and reforming, and the discussion on the macro-problems ofurbanized development. These researches have important reference meaning to ourstudies and practices on rural urbanization. Therefore, urbanization is a changingprocess of population living-style as well as thinking caused by the spatialagglomeration of off-farm industry and off-farm population. And the industryagglomeration, manpower migration and urban development are continual processwhich is close-connected, interactive and inseparable. Thus, attributing to thecompleteness of theory studies or the feasibility of practice operating, it is necessaryto connect these three topics to study their economic process and process of spatialagglomeration systematically and comprehensively. On the basis of such acquaintanceship, the manpower migration, industrydevelopment and its spatial agglomeration as well as urban development in theprocess of urbanization are connected in this dissertation. Based on the analysis uponresource-environment conditions and macro-society economic background, byanalyzing the basis states, behavioral aim, behavioral characteristic and benefitmechanism of each main participated individual, enterprise and government duringthe rural-urban process in northwest China, the rural-urban developing model ofnorthwest that population gathering is attracted by industry agglomeration and thedevelopment of small towns is motivated by industry cultivation as well as clusterguide. Four important conclusions are included in this dissertation: 1. Rural urbanization of Northwest China confronts not only with the severeenvironment, both ecological problems and intricate social problems, such as watershortage, undeveloped economy etc, but also with the disadvantageous conditionscaused by the internal and external competition which leads the high quality resourceand essentials flowed from undeveloped area to developed area. Compared withEastern China on earlier stage of open-door policy, it is more difficult for the wholenorthwest to speed up its economy. Therefore, urbanization of the northwest can notbe the repetition of the east. 2. The main reason for sluggish rural urbanization of Northwest China is thatthe basis of off-farm industry especially the manufacturing industry foundations aretoo weak to absorb the over-plus labor force from the countryside. The transfer ofover-plus labor force is hindered by low level of knowledge and technology acquiring,the gap of culture and social system existed in life-style between urban and rural andthe lag information for obtain employment. Disorder of development and constructionis aggravated by the flabby admi...