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The Theory And Positive Study On The Rural Social Security Institution In China

Posted on:2006-08-30Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y WangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360152495005Subject:Agricultural Economics and Management
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This thesis studies the construction of rural social security institution in China. By drawing in pre-researchers' theoretical results and combining with the actual economic development of the urban and rural areas in China, it innovatively builds up the theoretical framework of the rural social security institution, and contrasting the practice of the institutional improvement of rural social security since 1949, analyzes positively the historical evolution, system changes, realistic characteristics, etc., in order to reveal basic problems that exist in the present rural social security system and reasons. On this basis, the basic frame of China's rural social security institution and the suitable policies and measures are deeply studied.The thesis has realized three major goals basically: Firstly, established the theoretical framework of the rural social security under the running environment of the rural market economy; Secondly, investigated the historical evolution of China's rural social security system, summarized its experience and lessons and fond out its basic problems; Thirdly, explored the basic frame of China's rural social security institution under the new situation and put forward the policies and measures. This paper draws out the following research conclusion:1. The rural social security is an important part of the social security system. Its development is the result of the social fair mechanism developing under the social historical condition, and there are its deep thought and theory origin. The construction of the rural social security system is set up on the extensive thought and theoretical foundation; mainly including thought, theory, mathematic and administrative foundation. The thought foundation is composed of the social theory of western fantasies, the social theory of Da Tong of China and the religious thought. The theoretical foundation consists of the social security theory of Marxism, the welfare economics thought and country intervening the economic theory of Keynes and new historical school of Germany. The mathematics foundation is mainly great number rules. The administrative foundation comprises the paid theory, mutually beneficial theory, citizen's right theory, etc. . These thoughts and theories form the basis of establishing the rural social security theory, and offer theimportant theory foundation for reform and development of the realistic rural social security system in China too.2. The rural social security system is not only a stable system of the rural society, a safe system of the rural market economy, a steady mechanism of rural economic and social development, but also an important sign of the rural modern civilization. The social security system is a kind of social stable system formed gradually with the development of market economy, mainly including the social insurance, the social relieve, the social welfare. According to economic characters, the social security belongs to the category of the quasi-public goods, so government should lead the construction and development of it. Because there is very obvious dual economy society in the urban and rural areas in China, but it has been apart remarkably into urban social security and rural social security. The objects of the rural social security are all social members in the countryside. It can compensate peasants of the low income to ensure the reproducing of the rural laborer, and promote the fair and stability of the rural society, therefore has offered the last safety net for development of the rural society. So that developing the rural social security system is only a kind of government's behavior.3. In the essence, the rural social security system belongs to the level of the production relations, whereas rural market economy belongs to the level of productivity. Only keeping coordinate/development, could rural market economy and rural social security benefit more from each other, and advance the progressing of the rural society in an all-round way. Rural society reproduction includes produce, consume, exchange and assign. Every link will face various kinds of risks, therefore the contents of the rural social security system should include the agricultural production insurance, peasant's living guarantee, peasant's medical insurance, peasant's endowment insurance and the society relieve etc.. The setting-up of it must be suitable for the developing level of rural productivity, ensure the family security combining with the social security, balance between equity and the efficiency, right and obligation, require the fund to be born by individual, collective and government. It is obviously different that the social security system in urban and rural areas must exist in system, content and management. But the construction of the rural social security system should carry on linking up with the urban social security.4. Affected by historical environment, economic base and political system, the social security system of China has been composed of two relatively independent parts- urban security and rural security, and it have typical characteristics of the pattern of urban and rural areas. The historical changes of the rural social security system formed in the midst of China's rural planned economy development. The reform of rural land system, the implementation of the family-contract responsibility system and development of rural market economy are promotingChina's rural social security system developing. From 1949 to 2004, China's rural social security system has gone through three stages including the central centralization guarantee (1949-1977), the central and local dis-centralization guarantee (1978-1988) and institutional developing guarantee (1989-2004). The essential features showed in the change of it are as follow: collective economic force weakened gradually, the government's power scattered gradually, land security in the family strengthened gradually and the rural social security project more institutionalized. Up till now, the basic frame of rural social security has established in China. It plays an important role in safeguarding the rural social stability, ensuring the basic life of the disadvantaged groups, protecting the healthy development of rural economy.5. To set up and perfect the rural social security system is the basic way to solve the " three agricultural "problems. But lots of difficulties existing objectively in China's present rural social security system have greatly influenced the normal function. The main problems are: (1) The agricultural production insurance lags behind the need of agriculture seriously; (2) Rural social security system is not perfect, especially the lost land peasants and peasant workers; (3) The rural social security level is low, and its development is out of balance; (4) the development of rural social security is not be in harmony with urban social security. The reasons that these problems are: (1) the government pays little attention to the construction of the rural social security system; (2) the fund input of social security is insufficient; (3) management is scarce; (4) the development of rural economy has lagged behind the city economy for a long time. These problems have already restricted the sound development of agriculture and rural economy seriously, delay the process of urbanization of villages, hindered the promotion of the rural quality of the population, influenced society's stable and united political situation.6. In the process of building the well-off society in the countryside, it is very important urgency and necessity to accelerate the construction of rural social security system. So we should pursue the basic goals that political benefit, economic benefits and social benefits optimized in the rural social security. That development of the rural market economy, improvement of the rural urbanization process, enhancing of people overall qualities in the countryside require to set up the perfect rural social security system, so as to advance the development of agricultural modernization. In our country, rural social security system should be optimized for the basic goal with social benefits, economic benefits, and political benefits. Based on this, we should set up the market mode system that is different from urban social security system, named the institutions supported by " the family and the welfare organization ", based ori the forced saving type that government advocate, and supplemented with the social relieve. Among them, the rural old-age pension, agricultural production insurance, the rural minimum living security and the...
Keywords/Search Tags:Rural area, Social security, System, Construction
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