Study Of Household Land Contract System, The Farmers' Burden

After the end of the 1980's, the burden of the farmers of China grew heavier and heavier. Too heavy burden did harm to the material benefit and the democratic rights, damaged the producing zeal of farmers, and damaged the stability of the countryside. At present, the reform of rural tax and charges is carrying out in the countryside. It is impossible to resolve the problem of the burden of farmers within a day and get it done once and for all. During the reform the new problems will emerge. Therefore, it is very significant to research the burden of the farmers under the system of household contract of land in order to find out the causes and the law of the burden and the new ways of resolving the problem of the burden of the farmers. Besides the introduction and the summary, the thesis has 8 chapters. Chapter One reviews the burden of the peasants of China in the history.In the feudal society and the sub-feudal and sub-colonist society the peasants who were the majority of the society suffered the burden of feudal land rent, corvee etc. badly. Even far after the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the problem still wasn't resolved with satisfaction. Chapter Two describes the states of the burden of farmers under the system of household contract of land, introducing the whole situation and the change of the burden after the end of the 1980's.The system of household contract of land was implemented after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Congress of CPC, which stirred the producing zeal of the farmers. However, the new managing way of land made the problem of the farmers obvious, and after the end of the 1980's, the burden was so heavy that the farmers could not bear it. So the burden of the farmers became a very serious economic, political and social problem. Chapter Three analyses the dad effect of too heavy burden. Too heavy burden made the level of life low and had bad effect upon the farmers' ability the production and reproduction. Little income and too heavy burden made the market not active, so that the national economy developed slowly. Too heavy burden caused the relation between the carders and the farmers in the countryside strained. The incidents which the masses caused took place now and then, which did harm to social stability. Chapter Four analyses the economical and political causes of too heavy burden of the farmers. The drawbacks of the system of agricultural tax, the imperfections of the system of classified taxes are the causes of too heavy burden of the farmers. But the major cause is the dual structure of society of China. Chapter Five tells the readers the efforts that the Communist Party of China made to make the burden light. Since the middle of the 1980's, the central committee of the CPC and the state council etc. have formulated a series of policy and law. The practice that the CPC reduced the burden of the farmers had three periods, which were the period with controlling charging, fining and assigning at random and making the burden of farmers in order as a core, the period with controlling the severe incidents and making the leaders responsible for the incidents as a core, and the period with reforming the system of tax and charge in the countryside as a core. Chapter Six analyses the effect of the efforts that the CPC has made to make the burden of the farmers light. The reason why the efforts are in vain is that the systems of causing the burden still exist. The reform carried out by the root-level government during the 1990's concluded with failure of making the burden light though the reform began with an aim of reducing the burden of the farmers. The reform of tax and charge led by the central government has produced a marked effect, but there are a lot of problems to deal with in the process of reform. Chapter Seven introduces the systems of agricultural taxes or the systems of the taxes which deals with agriculture and farmers. In the history of China, the ruler reformed the systems of agriculture taxes according to social need now and then. The e...